The Psychology of Post-Conventional Morality and Martin Luther King Jr.

Presentation Ethics, as characterized by therapist, are the perspectives and convictions held by people that guide in the assurance or what is correct and what's up (Hock 142). It is accepted that what is esteemed good is dictated by our way of life and the standards present in that culture. It is likewise accepted that we are not brought into the world with a built up set of ethics; rather, we should pick up this framework of what is good all through our youth and immaturity and into adulthood. So as to appropriately break down the degree Bandura social learning hypothesis plays in the accomplishment of level three, phase six, of Kohlberg’s moral improvement hypothesis the speculations of Kohlberg and Bandura must be appropriately plot. The use of these hypotheses will at that point by applied to instance of Martin Luther King, Jr. who watched, through writings, the peaceful dissent strategies for Mohandas Gandhi. Lawrence Kohlberg, concentrating his exploration on Jean Piaget, picked up in enthusiasm for kid advancement. While at the University of Chicago, Kohlberg clarified upon the thoughts set out by Piaget and offered the conversation starter â€Å"how does the flippant newborn child become fit for moral reasoning† (Hock 143)? Because of his exploration, Kohlberg made his ethical advancement stage hypothesis. His hypothesis comprises of three phases and each stage has two particular levels. In the primary level, known as either pre-traditional profound quality or pre-good, an individual shows just personal circumstance. In the main phase of this level an individual will act ethically essentially in light of the fact that they are spurred by remunerations or disciplines. In stage two, the wellbeing of the individual is the inspiration for moral conduct. Ordinary profound quality, the subsequent level, is the place a person’s connection between others assumes a bigger job in moral beha... ...a be recommended that one can grow ethically even without this immediate model-eyewitness communication if every single other condition are met. These conditions being: consideration, maintenance, engine proliferation, and inspiration. This article has endeavored at stating that history can directly affect moral turn of events and can go about as the model when applied to circumstances that contain the mix of components. Book index 1) Hock, Roger R. Forty Studies that Changed Psychology: Explorations into the History of Psychological Research. fifth. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2005. 142-50. Print. 2) Weber, Thomas Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 3) Rudolf, Lloyd L., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolf. Post Modern Gandhi and different articles. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. 92-120. Print.

Caltural change of the organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Caltural change of the association - Essay Example The hierarchical or social rules or desires recommend proper sorts of conduct that its representatives should execute specifically circumstances. The accompanying sections will clarify in detail how corporate social qualities controls the conduct of each authoritative individuals towards each other from hierarchical qualities (Hill, 2001) For the most part, top administration officials could attempt to decide if to proceed with the current corporate culture or to transform it. They might need to force corporate qualities and gauges of conduct so as to especially mirror the destinations of the association. Likewise, there are commonly standing inward societies inside the company’s workforce (Edsforth,2005) And, the transaction of post-modern innovations, new hierarchical practices and more extensive social impacts is affecting changes in corporate creation and culture. This is discussed that the conscious reproduction of corporate culture remakes the way of life of the twentieth century workplace(Casey, 2007). Besides, all the work bunches inside a company have their individual social eccentricities and correspondences that that impacts the whole association. Plainly, top administration can enthusiastically be imbued outside culture into its workplace. For lucidity, PC professionals normally have autonomously picked up the ability, language and practices of the association, however the participation of these experts may influence the way of life of the association completely. In the article How to make Life Changes Using Psychologist Kurt Lewin’s Unfreeze â€Change †Freeze Method. Get in shape, change vocations and additionally utilizing this three stage process(Goss, 2007) accentuated that the vast majority abhor change. In any case, once more, there is well known saying that goes nothing in this world is lasting with the exception of progress. For change propels

Managing Social Anxiety Disorder at Work

Managing Social Anxiety Disorder at Work Social Anxiety Disorder Work and School Print Managing Social Anxiety Disorder at Work Social Anxiety Disorder Can Be a Real Issue in the Workplace By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on January 18, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Thomas Barwick/Stone/Getty Images Managing social anxiety disorder (SAD) at work involves recognizing the day-to-day impact of the disorder on your career and identifying solutions. Receiving a diagnosis and entering treatment is the first step toward managing your anxiety symptoms. Telling your employer may also help in that you may receive accommodations to help you better do your job. At the same time, people with SAD may face  specific problems in the workplace, including the inability to network effectively, fear of attending business social events, problems developing relationships with coworkers, lack of self-confidence, and difficulty speaking up in meetings. Bernardo Carducci, Ph.D., a psychology professor at Indiana University, head of the Shyness Research Institute, and author of Shyness: A Bold New Approach and The Pocket Guide to Making Successful Small Talk, argues that when shyness is properly managed, there is no limit to the achievement of shy people in the business world. Carducci points to the success of notably shy Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, one of the world’s richest and most successful people, and also a shy person. While shyness is not the same as social anxiety disorder, ideas to help shy people adapt to the business world may also be useful for managing social anxiety in the workplaceâ€"particularly if you struggle with social skills. If you are in a competitive workplace and feel that your anxiety is interfering with your career advancement, or if you simply want to feel more comfortable in the workplace, it is worth investing  time in developing a comfort level with the social aspects of your work. Lets consider a number of these areas and how you might cope. Looking for Work If you are new to the workforce or looking for work after a long period of unemployment or time spent in the same job, the prospect of going on job interviews may be intimidating. Although job interviews can be more challenging for those with social anxiety disorder, proper preparation and use of coping strategies can help. For example, you could have a friend conduct a mock interview with you so that you get practice answering questions or engage in deep breathing to calm yourself about the entire process. Tips to Cope With Job Interview Anxiety Job Duties Some aspects of work itself can be challenging for those with social anxiety. For example, if you are in sales, you might find yourself needing to engage in  cold calling clients. You may need to give presentations or speeches as part of your role. It can feel doubly difficult to manage your anxiety when excellent social skills or the ability to perform under pressure are part of your job. However, if you choose a job that suits your interests and personalityâ€"anxiety is an issue that can be worked on. Social skills training (or even reading self-help books about social skills) or groups such as Toastmasters (for public speaking) might be good options to boost your performance at work. Coworkers Networking is an important part of being successful in your career. If you aren’t able to build relationships with the people that you work with, it will be much more difficult to advance at work. In addition, since you spend most of your waking hours at work, wouldn’t you like to have friends there? To become more comfortable with coworkers, constantly strive to expand your comfort zone. Engage in small talk with people whom you see throughout the day, such as in the lunchroom, in the elevator, or at the water cooler. Greet people with general comments or compliments and start brief conversations. Gradually, other people will see that you are the kind of person who is approachable and with whom conversation is easy. Its less important that you say the right thing, and more important that you just keep showing up and being present. People are generally more comfortable around others the more times that they see them. Spotlight Effect: Not Everyone Is Looking at You Speaking to Supervisors Speaking to your supervisor can be challenging if you live with social anxiety disorder. You might agonize over the smallest contact, such as needing to ask a question about your work or clarifying an issue. Unfortunately, avoiding your supervisor in this way can affect your job performance. If you find casually speaking with your supervisor anxiety provoking, see if you can make an appointment. Practice what you are going to say in advance so you have your ideas clear in your head (dont over-practice as this is a safety behavior and counter-productive). If you still find this hard, try communicating in a less threatening way, such as through e-mail. Or, always prepare a list of points when you go into a meeting. Your anxiety will be reduced because you can focus on your notes and you will also come across as more prepared. Finally, gradually work up to asking harder questions. Make a list of things you need to talk to your supervisor about, and then start with the one that feels least anxiety-provoking, such as asking for clarification on some aspect of your work. From there, you can work your way up to harder topics, such as asking for a raise or a promotion. Business Meetings If you feel uncomfortable in meetings, try arriving 10 to 15 minutes early so that you can meet people as they arrive. This is the opposite of what you probably  do now; you likely tend to show up late so that you don’t have to engage in small talk with others in the meeting. However, this will actually make you feel more isolated. During meetings, remember that others also may feel uncomfortable about speaking up. Likely about half the people in your meeting are also nervous about voicing their opinion. Usually, they will be relieved if you are the first to speak and will admire you for doing so. Finally, if you find your anxiety overwhelmingly uncomfortable during meetings, try examining the thoughts that you have while in a meeting. If you usually think, I am terrible in meetings. I always make a fool of myself, ask yourself whether that thought is helpful and realistic. Could you replace it with a more helpful thought? Try something like I am trying hard to do better in meetings or I think most people are okay with how I come across. Even if it feels uncomfortable at first, over time these positive affirmations will help to build your confidence. Tips for Coping With Anxiety in Work Meetings Business Social Functions Depending on your place of employment, there may a variety  of social functions that you are expected to attend: the company picnic, annual holiday party, retirement gatherings, business conferences, or business lunches. Make sure you have something to talk about on these occasions. Read the newspaper, visit an online news source, or read current magazines. In addition, avoid using alcohol to overcome your inhibitions. Often staying in a situation long enough will have the same effect on reducing your inhibitions as drinking alcohol. The next time you are at a social event, have flavored water instead and notice how your anxiety level decreases over time even when you are not drinking alcohol. A Word From Verywell If you continue to struggle with social anxiety at work, consider visiting a therapist who specializes in anxiety disorders. Social anxiety disorder is a mental illness that requires professional intervention for a full recovery.

Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving - 1617 Words

Lila Abu-Lughod is an American anthropologist whose work is focused around descriptive ethnography and mostly based in Egypt. Her work aims to tackled three main issues: the relationship between cultural forms and power; the politics of knowledge and representation; and the dynamics of gender and the question of women’s rights in the Middle East (Columbia). Lughod in her book Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? sets out to get rid of stereotypes that muslim women because of frequent ‘honor killings’ and the practice of veiling need to be rescued. She coins the term for the exploration of saving muslim women ‘Islamland.’ There is the perpetuating stereotype and dominant narrative that muslim women need saving and islam is a threatening†¦show more content†¦Apart of the problem is American feminist, beyond critiques of minority exclusion, is there goal to fix these oppressive patriarchal cultures is misdirected. Many do know fully understand t he practices they are fighting against and are too quick to judge them as â€Å"wrong.† â€Å"American feminist began to focus spectacularly oppressive practices that were easy to mobilize around: female genital cutting, enforced veiling, or the honor crime† (Lughod, 8). She explains in her book how debates on the veil and discussions of honour crimes are deployed as 21st century political projects. Lughod challenges the assumptions that these countries need to be saved and critiques the west obsession of ‘culture’ as the cause for repressive regimes. Abu Lughod in Writing Against Culture raises critiques of what anthropologist are supposed to study. She raises the issue of the difference of feminism and anthropology. Lughod talks about how anthropology really came from the divide between the west and the non-west. And naturally because the west is the hegemony anthropology has be mainly dominated by western anthropological thought. Which is why Lughod su ggests anthropologist need to realize this difference and move to writing against culture (Lughod, 1). Though in more recent years the crisis of representation is beginning to get more voices from different cultures that are non-western. She challenges

Essay on We the People - 688 Words

Unit 1 Speech 2: What are the fundamental characteristics of a constitutional government?  · In what ways does constitutional government mean limited government?  · Describe at least three provisions of the Constitution that provide a means of preventing the abuse or misuse of government power. Explain how these provisions work in our system of government today. The fundamental characteristics of a constitutional government contain of a written document which establishes the rules, rights, and principles of the government. These characteristics are the establishment of individual rights, federalism, higher law, separation of powers, and checks and balances. The establishment of all these rules, rights, and principles are all an†¦show more content†¦An example of checks and balances is the two-third vote of Congress to approve a bill that the president has vetoed. Another provision of the Constitution that provides a means of preventing the abuse or misuse of governmental power is higher law which is to be obeyed by the government in the U.S. Constitution. The higher laws were established to protect individual rights. The government cannot use any of its power to take these rights away from any person without due process of law or in times of war. The last but not least provision that prevents the misuse or abuse of government al power is the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was put into our Constitution to help each person receive the rights they deserve, and to limit the government’s power in order to secure people’s rights. The Constitution is the highest law in the United States, higher law is used in our government today in every aspect because we live based on the Constitution. Checks and balances is used in our system of government today because they still limit each branch and give them certain powers. The executive branch still can veto bills from the legislature, and the judicial branch still may declare a law constitutional and unconstitutional. The Bill of Rights will always be used in the life of Americans. It is used today by giving U.S. citizens the rights they should receive and limits the governments powers on their rights. We still have these rightsShow MoreRelatedWe The People882 Words   |  4 Pages We The People, such a simple quote, but very influential i n terms of how our country was intended to be governed. This quote is the bedrock in which the United States was founded. Seems today this quote is just another feel good story of how things were run in the early days of this great country. Since the late 19th century our country, lead by the progressive movement, has been slowly chipping away at the groundwork of what makes America so special compared to most if not all other countriesRead MoreWe Are A â€Å"Government Of The People, By The People, [And]1573 Words   |  7 PagesWe are a â€Å"government of the people, by the people, [and] for the people,† or so we have been led to believe (Lincoln 1863). In the Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln uttered one of the most prolific and profound statements about the United State’s system of government as designed by the Constitution. His words have been used to define a movement of democratization and Constitution making in the 20th century. While Lincoln’s wor ds might make a good speech, they may not be entirely true of ConstitutionsRead MoreWe the People or the Will of the Governmnt959 Words   |  4 Pagesthree words of the US Constitution are â€Å"We the People†. How well does the American Government of today reflect the will of the American people In the spring and summer of 1776, Americans, angry and frustrated with an existing government, wrote these words. Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to instituteRead MoreWe The People Are The Problem Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"We The People† are the Problem Blame is a leery, yet powerful concept. Everyday people pass judgements and force the responsibilities of certain faults onto one another for a variety of issues. When a problem occurs, people prefer to accuse others as the cause, then sit back and wait for the condemned to construct a solution for them. This is particularly relevant within the United States’ political system. Jeff and Jane, two political news anchors, were discussing such problems, such as, all-timeRead MoreAre We Making People Better?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAre We Making People Better? Scientists are researching genetic modification for many reasons. Some people think we are not good enough the way we are, and want to create a ‘perfect’ person. We have been given the ability to learn how to heal sickness and fix wounds with science. However, we have a responsibility to use this information wisely. We have been created with unique gifts and those gifts are important to the enhancement of life. Likewise, while researching about the Author of â€Å"The PerfectRead MoreCase Study : We The People2083 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"We The People†, an iconic term that reminds us, the citizens of the United States, that this country cannot be the country we are without its people. The organization that I chose to do further research on makes me question, are they about the people? The small business that I will be discussing is called We The People and they are a document preparing business specializing in divorces, trusts, probates, notaries, name chang es, custody agreements and more. With extremely important legal work likeRead MoreEssay on In People We Trust2572 Words   |  11 Pagesmeant everything to most but in years since then the nation has diversified. From a mainstream of Christian beliefs to diverse hundreds the United States is no longer one nation under one â€Å"God.† Obstacles of dissension besieged precedent American people and they prevailed, nevertheless there are new issues on the nation’s docket to be processed, â€Å"God† is one of them. From the early history of the United States immigrants were drawn with possibility of freedom of speech. Speech, one of the rightsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article We The People 1814 Words   |  8 Pages Dr. Nieva International Business 4 December 2014 The statement â€Å" We the People† defines whom the United States of America was and is till this day. The constitution is considered one of the most powerful and dynamic documents of all time. Ten years after gaining independence from Great Britain, the delegates of America decided that the Articles of Confederation, the governing document in place, must be amended or replaced if the country were to prosper. Under the Articles of ConfederationRead MoreWe Live A World With A Diversity Of People925 Words   |  4 PagesWe live in a world with a diversity of people. We see them, distinguish most of them and contemplate their lifestyles while experiencing them. Therefore, each person has a different background, culture or traditions which make them antithetic from us. Now you recognize a Pakistani person because of his unusual accent or the type of food he opts for. He prefers eating Desi food than burgers or tacos and he is a bit off of the track of speaking felicitous Engli sh. But that certainly doesn’t mean he’sRead MoreShould We Put People On Mars?1423 Words   |  6 PagesShould We Put People on Mars? These days after the space race has put a man on the moon, some people have asked what comes next. Some people believe that the best next step is to simply use unmanned probes to explore as it is simply too dangerous and expensive for people to go themselves. However, many people believe that it would be foolish for people to not continue exploring space and some have even begun their own programs, like the Mars One Project, to try to get people into space. Mars One

Vineyard Free Essays

Calaveras Vineyards Calaveras Vineyard was originally established in 1883 to make wine for the Catholic Church. They occupied 220 acres in California out of which 175 acres was occupied by the vineyard. They had now expanded into production of table wines for retailers and restaurants. We will write a custom essay sample on Vineyard or any similar topic only for you Order Now It had changed three ownerships in the last nine years. The most recent owner was Stout Plc. which was looking to sell Calaveras and the management of Calaveras was the interested party in this transaction. The main strategy from 1987 was broadening the company’s position on premium brand category and this is evident from the fact that they were now concentrating on wines in the premium and super-premium category. The five C? s analyses is an important approach to evaluate the creditworthiness of a potential client. The five metrics that will be analyzed are character, capacity, capital, conditions, and collateral. Character will translate the quality of the management team and major owners and how these major players behave related to business. Related to Lynna Martinez, she has a high level of education and is graduated from important universities in France and USA. She has done researchers in the field and has experiences as a professional in the industry, being Vice president of Calaveras Vineyard since 1987. The other partner – Peter Newsome, has a degree in Business Administration and has experience in the field in different areas of this industry, such as operating and purchasing. It is possible to say that this metric is maybe one the most important for the future of this business since both of them have strong experience in the field. Related to the capacity analysis, it is unclear, based on historical data, the ability of the company in handle a high debt level, since there no information about Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 debt from the balance sheet. However, the company has a significant position as current assets what provide quick liquidity for the business as well as a strong free cash flow in both considered scenarios to repay the loan, even though the free cash flow in 1994 is negative. The apital metrics will measure whether the company has enough capital, in this point also matter the commitment of the owners with the business. In the management leveraged buyout, the new owners will have $ 1 million invested and thus they would have invested 25% of the total demanded fund. It seems that the new owners are putting an great effort on this business since they are buying a company that they have experience in and they believe it can do better than what the previous owners were doing. The economic conditions for the wine business seems to be in a good moment, even though the alcoholic market has been stagnated, the wine market has grown by 7. 4%, new researches about the benefits of wine has driven the demand up and thus the market is being benefited. Based on the Pro Forma Historical Financial Statements, it seems that the management team is able to control the expenses and cost of goods sold as the sales increase and decrease. It is possible to see it using the decreasing trend of the COGS related to sales and the SGA related to sales that has been the same (14. 9%) for the last 4 years. The company has as collateral, the Accounts Receivables and fixed assets. In 1993 the company had $316,782 as receivables, $2,332,241 as inventories and $4,487,193 as gross fixed assets. In case of liquidation, the Receivables may be sold at 85% of the face value, or $292,264; Inventory can be sold at 75% of its face value or $1,749,180. The fixed cost can be sold by 40% of the book value that is $1,794,877. This liquidation would provide a total of $3,836,321 which is more than Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 8-Feb-2013 the total loan provided in 1994 ($3,122,000). It provides a good standard for the potential creditor of this company. Moody’s SGL framework can also be used to assess the creditworthiness of Calaveras Vineyards. The rating system gives a score ranging from SGL-1 to SGL-4, where one represents companies with very good liquidity and four represents companies with weak liquidity. There are several characteristics that are evaluated in rating a company using this framework. The first point is the capacity for financing capital expenditures and net working capital internally. Calaveras has an expected negative free cash flow in 1994 based on Anne Clemen’s projection (Exhibit 3), so it will not be able to fund internally. However, the company still has the flexibility of drawing money from its revolving credit line since the borrowing base has sufficient amount. Exhibit 3 also shows that the negative cash flow is due to a significant addition to net working capital. The addition is larger than average because the company is increasing its sales to the same level of 1992. The company is projected to have positive free cash flows starting in 1995 and will be able to finance internally. The EBIT/(interest and principal) ratio is moderate in 1994 but projected to increase throughout the years (Exhibit 3) and has an average of two. The second characteristic that needs to be analyzed is the flexibility of the company in generating cash from selling its assets in times of distress. Anne Clemen expected that Calaveras’ accounts receivable would able to generate 80% of book value and inventory for 85% of book value, while land, plant and equipment would only generate 40%. However, these assets are crucial to the operations of Calaveras and cannot be sold. Thus, the company has no flexibility in generating additional cash flow. Additionally, the assets mentioned before are used as collateral for both the term loan and the revolving credit. This relates to the final characteristic that is the extent Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 in which the company’s assets are encumbered. Calaveras is expected to secure its term loan through land, plant and equipment, and its revolver’s borrowing base is equal to 85% of receivables and 75% of inventories. In other words, most of Calaveras’ assets are encumbered and this limits the financial flexibility. After analyzing Calaveras’ through the SGL framework, we believed that the company should receive a score of SGL-3. The increase in the size of the wine market is an opportunity for Calaveras to increase their market share especially in the premium and super-premium category where the company has secure brand position and stable relationships with the distributors. It is heavily dependant on two dealers who account for 50% of their sales. It might bode well for them to increase their dealership base. Financial ratio analysis: To better understand Calaveras Vineyards’ financial ondition, we analyzed those financial ratios that Anne prepared. EBIT coverage ratio and current ratio in 1994 were already larger than 1 and was increasing from 1994 to 1998, indicating this company was profitable enough to pay off its interest expense and short-term obligation. Although current ratio was not so good compared with comparable companies, it was improving through years. The debt rat io was less than 1 and reduced quickly from 1994 to 1998, which was a good signal to investor and creditors that the risk of this company was decreasing. In addition, its decreasing assets/equity ratio indicated the quick increase of equity, which was the result of quick increase of net income. The return on sales and return on assets were much higher than the comparable companies and were increasing from 1994 to 1998, indicating this Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 company had good profitability in the industry. Its increasing sales/assets ratio showed an improvement of its ability to generate sales revenue from each dollar of asset, indicating this company operated more and more efficiently. Through analysis, we found these ratios looked good and some of them were even better than the industry level. The ratio analysis showed Calaveras Vineyards was a healthy company and had an optimistic future. New Scenario A new scenario was drawn in order to assess how the financial health of the company would be if the COGS and SGA were higher than the predicted by the company initially. In this situation, it is possible to see that the company is still able to operate under the conveants imposed by Goldengate Capital. Additional consideration and recommendation: We based our analysis on the ratio analysis done by Anne Clemen. The ratio analysis shows us favourable trend about financials about this company. The leverage ratio goes on reducing and the times interest earned as well as Profit margin show favourable forecasts. Based on our current analysis, we think Calaveras had good profitability and has enough ability to service the debt, and we agreed that Anne Clemens should participate in the loan. However, there are still some factors that can influence our evaluation of Calaveras. For example, if the price of its wine decreased quickly because of intensive competition or there was a big drop in the production of grape due to some catastrophe, the sales revenue will decreased dramatically, which would result in a shrunken free cash flow and influence its ability to pay back the loan. In Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 addition, if the cost of goods sold increased quickly because of a sudden increase of material price or the SGA soared up for expanding marketing and advertising to compete with competitors, the free cash flow would also decreased dramatically. So we suggested Anne to keep monitoring these unstable factors carefully to see whether Calaveras would have a credit risk. Additionally, to decrease the default risk, Anne could also make covenants with Calaveras to regulate its financial ratios and make part of its assets as collaterals. Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 2 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 7 – New Forecasted Income Statement 1994 1% Sales Revenue Cost of Goods Sold Estates Selected Chardonnay California Generic Special Accts. Winery TOTAL Gross Profit Selling, General and Admin. Amortization of Organizational Costs EBIT Interest Expense (avg. balance) Profit Before Taxes Tax Expense Net Income Dividends to Common Shareholders Retentions to Equity $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 448,180 272,027 432,977 179,934 224,371 655,916 90,130 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 594,307 325,923 535,400 121,580 233,639 683,012 93,853 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 678,342 383,808 645,546 126,603 243,291 711,228 97,730 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 706,365 399,663 733,324 131,833 253,341 740,608 101,767 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 31,406 416,173 763,618 137,279 263,807 771,203 105,971 2,081,995 (966,861) (60) 1,115,074 (134,514) 980,559 362,807 617,752 617,752 $ 3,707,423 1995 1% $ 4,199,960 1996 1% $ 4,693,764 1997 1% $ 4,984,664 $ 1998 1% 5,371,451 $ (2,303,533) $ (2,587,715) $ (2,886,547) $ (3,066,901) $ (3,289,456) $ 1,403,889 $ 1,612,246 $ 1,807,216 $ 1,917,763 $ (667,336) $ (755,993) $ (844,877) $ (897,239) $ $ $ (60) $ 736,493 $ (60) $ 856,193 $ (60) $ 962,279 (60) $ $ $ 1,020,463 (109,625) $ (2 14,987) $ (198,101) $ (170,752) $ $ $ $ $ $ 626,869 231,941 394,927 394,927 $ $ $ $ $ 641,206 237,246 403,960 403,960 $ $ $ $ $ 764,178 282,746 481,432 481,432 $ $ $ $ $ 849,711 314,393 535,318 535,318 $ $ $ $ $ Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 8 – Forecasted Balance Sheets (At Closing) Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Organization Costs-Current Total Current Assets Land Plant and Equipment Gross PPE Accum. Depreciation Net PPE Organization Costs-Noncurrent Total Assets Payables Accruals Debt-Current Portion LTD Revolving Line of Credit Total Current Liabs. Debt, non-current Total Liabilities Common Stock Retained Earnings Total Equity Total Liabilities Equity Memorandum: Borrowing base (85% AR, 75%Inv) Revolver $ $ $ $ 2,255,917 2,304,288 $ $ 2,521,907 2,218,955 $ $ 2,699,146 1,949,595 $ $ 2,890,789 1,643,991 $ $ 3,025,581 1,187,490 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,124 60 1,184 1,124 582 1,706 1,706 240 3,130 130 400 530 1,600 2,130 1,000 1,000 3,130 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1994 50 370,742 2,587,715 60 2,958,567 1,124 832 1,956 116 1,840 180 2,960,587 258,771 400 2,304,288 2,563,459 1,200 2,564,659 1,000 394,927 395,927 2,960,587 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1995 50 419,996 2,886,547 60 3,306,654 1,124 1,082 2,206 283 1,923 120 3,308,697 288,655 400 2,218,955 2,508,010 800 2,508,810 1,000 798,887 799,887 3,308,697 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1996 50 469,376 3,066,901 60 3,536,387 1,124 1,332 2,456 499 1,957 60 3,538,404 306,690 400 1,949,595 2,256,685 400 2,257,085 1,000 1,280,319 1,281,319 3,538,404 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1997 50 498,466 3,289,456 60 3,788,033 1,124 1,582 2,706 766 1,940 3,789,973 328,946 400 1,643,991 1,973,337 1,973,337 1,000 1,815,637 1,816,637 3,789,973 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1998 50 537,145 3,425,344 3,962,539 1,124 1,832 2,956 1,082 1,874 3,964,413 342,534 1,187,490 1,530,024 1,530,024 1,000 2,433,389 2,434,389 3,964,413 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 9 – Forecast Assumptions Key Assumptions: Case Sales $/Case Gross Margins Estates Select-other Chardonnay California Generic Special Accts Winery Dividend Payout: Now-1996 1997After 0 0 0. 47 0. 35 0. 37 0. 35 0. 26 0. 35 0. 46 Exhibit 11 Exhibit 11 Cash Minimum (m) AR/Sales INV(T)/COGS(T+1) CL(T)/COGS(T+1) SGA/Sales Depreciation Capital Expenditures Interest Rate Tax Rate Inflation Rate Real Price Growth 50 0. 1 1 0. 1 0. 18 5-yr, S-L 250 0. 095 0. 37 0. 031 0. 01 Amortiz. Organization Costs: 5 years. Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 10 Solvency ratio EBIT/ (Interest and Principal) Current ratio Debt ratio Assets/Equity Efficiency ratio Sales/Assets Profitability ratio Return on sales Return on assets Return on equity 1994 1. 32 1. 24 0. 67 3. 6 0. 75 11% 8% 28% Anne Clemen’s Ratio Analysis 1995 1996 1997 1. 53 1. 8 2. 05 1. 24 1. 33 1. 48 0. 59 0. 5 0. 39 2. 82 2. 22 1. 8 0. 79 12% 9% 26% 0. 85 13% 11% 24% 0. 88 14% 12% 21% 1998 2. 4 8 2. 16 0. 25 1. 45 0. 94 15% 14% 20% Comparables ratio Upper Quartile Median Lower Quartile 5. 5 0. 97 2. 5 0. 99 1. 5 0. 995 1. 04 7. 30% 8. 10% 16. 60% 0. 73 2. 80% 2. 30% 7. 70% 0. 35 -0. 20% -0. 10% 1. 10% Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 11 Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Cash Flow Items Initial Inputs Net Results Initial Inputs Net Results Operating Inflows (Net Sales) Operating Outflows COGS – Depreciation SGA Exp Taxes Other Total Operating Outflows Total Net Operating Cash Flow (NOF) Changes in Working Capital Receivables (AR) Inventory (INV) Other Current Assets (OCA) Accounts Payable (AP) Other Current Liabilities (OCL) Total Changes in Net Working Capital (NWC) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow after Working Capital Investment Capital Investment Change in Net Fixed Assets Depreciation Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) Fixed Coverage Expenditures (Interest) (FCE) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) $ 2,836,062. 00 $ 1,899,853. 00 $ 528,456. 00 $ $ $ 2,428,309. 00 $ 407,753. 00 $ 43,356. 00 $ 654,835. 00 $ (7,012. 00) $ (121,880. 00) $ $ 569,299. 00 $ 977,052. 00 $ 4,193,000. 00 $ 2,294,000. 00 $ 587,000. 00 $ 287,000. 00 $ $ 3,168,000. 00 $ 1,025,000. 00 $ (49,000. 00) $ (281,000. 00) $ $ 28,000. 00 $ $ (302,000. 00) $ 723,00 0. 00 $ 268,332. 00 $ (394,512. 00) $ (126,180. 00) $ 850,872. 00 $ $ – $ (83,000. 00) $ (167,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 473,000. 00 $ – $ (308,000. 00) $ 165,000. 00 $ – $ 850,872. 00 $ – Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Cash Flow Statements – Contd. Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) Management’s Discretionary Cash Flow Surplus Financial Cash Flow Change in Long-Term Debt Change in Short-Term Borrowing Change in Preffered Stock Change in Common Stock Change in Other Total Change in Net Finncial Cash Flow (NFF) Goodwill/Other Assets Other Liabilities Change in Goodwill Other Asset Change in Other Liabilities Change in GwillOAssets Other Liabilities Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow (Sum of 13 Cash Flow Components) Change in Cash (Cash) Surplus or Deficit after all Cash Flows $ $ 45,006. 00 13,241. 00 $ 850,872. 00 $ $ 850,872. 00 $ $ $ $ (729,402. 00) $ $ (729,402. 00) $ (400,000. 00) $ 236,000. 00 $ $ $ $ (164,000. 00) $ 165,000. 00 $ $ 165,000. 00 $ (153,235. 00) $ $ (153,235. 00) $ (31,765. 00) $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,000. 00 1,000. 00 Calaveras Vineyards – CASH FLOW STATEMENT 1000 Dec-96 Cash Flow Items Initial Inputs Net Results Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow I nitial Inputs Dec-97 Net Results Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Operating Inflows (Net Sales) Operating Outflows COGS – Depreciation SGA Exp Taxes Other Total Operating Outflows Total Net Operating Cash Flow (NOF) Changes in Working Capital Receivables (AR) Inventory (INV) Other Current Assets (OCA) Accounts Payable (AP) Other Current Liabilities (OCL) Total Changes in Net Working Capital (NWC) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow after Working Capital Investment Capital Investment Change in Net Fixed Assets Depreciation Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) Fixed Coverage Expenditures (Interest) (FCE) $ 4,681,000. 00 $ $ 2,526,000. 00 $ 655,000. 00 $ 349,000. 00 $ $ 3,530,000. 00 $ 1,151,000. 00 $ (49,000. 00) $ (169,000. 00) $ $ 17,000. 00 $ $ (201,000. 00) $ 950,000. 00 $ 4,967,000. 00 $ $ 2,644,000. 00 $ 695,000. 00 $ 394,000. 00 $ $ 3,733,000. 00 $ 1,234,000. 00 $ (29,000. 00) $ (208,000. 00) $ $ 21,000. 00 $ $ (216,000. 00) $ 1,018,000. 00 $ (34,000. 00) $ (216,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 70 0,000. 00 $ $ $ (280,000. 00) $ 17,000. 00 $ (267,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 768,000. 00 $ $ $ (235,000. 00) Calaveras Vineyards – Cash Flow Statements – Contd. Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) Management’s Discretionary Cash Flow Surplus Financial Cash Flow Change in Long-Term Debt Change in Short-Term Borrowing Change in Preffered Stock Change in Common Stock Change in Other Total Change in Net Finncial Cash Flow (NFF) Goodwill/Other Assets Other Liabilities Change in Goodwill Other Asset Change in Other Liabilities Change in Gwill Other Liabilities Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow (Sum of 13 Cash Flow Components) Change in Cash (Cash) Surplus or Deficit after all Cash Flows $ $ $ 420,000. 00 $ $ 420,000. 00 $ (400,000. 00) $ (20,000. 00) $ $ $ $ (420,000. 00) $ (400,000. 00) $ (132,000. 00) $ $ $ $ (532,000. 00) $ 533,000. 00 $ $ 533,000. 00 $ $ $ $ – $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,000. 00 1,000. 00 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 CASH FLOW STATEMENT Dec-98 Cash Flow Items Initial Inputs Net Results Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Operating Inflows (Net Sales) Operating Outflows COGS – Depreciation SGA Exp Taxes Other Total Operating Outflows Total Net Operating Cash Flow (NOF) Changes in Working Capital Receivables (AR) Inventory (INV) Other Current Assets (OCA) Accounts Payable (AP) Other Current Liabilities (OCL) Total Changes in Net Working Capital (NWC) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow after Working Capital Investment Capital Investment Change in Net Fixed Assets Depreciation Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) $ 5,348,000. 00 $ 2,803,000. 00 $ 749,000. 00 $ 461,000. 00 $ $ 4,013,000. 00 $ 1,335,000. 00 $ (38,000. 00) $ (126,000. 00) $ $ 12,000. 00 $ (400,000. 00) $ (552,000. 00) $ 783,000. 00 $ 66,000. 00 $ (316,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 533,000. 00 $ – Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) Fixed Coverage Expenditures (Interest) (FCE) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) Management’s Discretionary Cash Flow Surplus Financial Cash Flow Change in Long-Term Debt Change in Short-Term Borrowing Change in Preffered Stock Change in Common Stock Change in Other Total Change in Net Finncial Cash Flow (NFF) Goodwill/Other Assets Other Liabilities Change in Goodwill Other Asset Change in Other Liabilities Change in GwillOAssets Other Liabilities Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow (Sum of 13 Cash Flow Components) Change in Cash (Cash) Surplus or Deficit after all Cash Flows $ $ $ $ (250,000. 00) $ 533,000. 00 $ (173,000. 00) $ 360,000. 00 $ $ 360,000. 00 $ $ (360,000. 00) $ $ $ $ (360,000. 00) $ $ $ $ – How to cite Vineyard, Papers

Then Accra Beach Hotel free essay sample

The Board wanted to book a large block of rooms more than six months ahead,during several of the hotel’s busiest times,and was asking for discount. In return,it promised to promote the Accra Beach in all advertising materials and television broadcasts as the host hotel for the upcoming West Indies Cricket Series,an important international sporting event. The Accra Beach Hotel and Resort had a prime beachfront location on the south coast of Barbados,just a short distance from the airport and the capital city of Bridgetown. Located on acres of tropical landscape and facing one of the best beach on Barbados, the hotel featured rooms offering panoramic view of the ocean, pool or island. The centerpiece of its lush gardens was the large swimming pool, which gad a shallow bank for lounging plus a swimup bar. In addition, there was a squash court and a fully equipped gym. Golf was also available only 15 minutes away at the Barbados Golf Club,with which the hotel was affiliated. The Accra Beach had two restaurants and two bars, as well as extensive banquet and conference facilities. It offered state-of-the-art conference facilities to local. Regional and international corporate clientele and had hosted a number of large summits in recent years. Three conference rooms,which could be configured in number of way, served as the setting for large corporate meeting,training seminars, product dispalys, dinners, and wedding receptions. A business center provided guest with Internet access, faxing capabilities,and photocopying service. The hotel’s 122 standard rooms were categorized into three groups and there are also 13 island view Junior Suite, anf six Penthouse Suites, each decorated in tropical pastel prints and handcrafted furniture, All rooms were equipped with cable TV,air-conditioning,ceiling fans,hair-dryer,coffee percolartor,telephone,hath-tub/shower and a balcony. Standrd rooms were configured with either a king-size bed or two twin beds in the Island and Ocean View categories,while the Pool Vuews had two double beds. The six Penthouse Suites,which all offered ocean views,contained all the features listed for the standard rooms plus added comforts. They were built on two levels,featuring a living room with a bar area on the third floor of the hotel and a bedroom accessed by an internal stairway on the fourth floor. these suites also had a bathroom containing a jacuzzi,shower stall, double vanity basin and a skylight. The thirteen junior suite were fitted with a double bed or two twin beds,plus a living room area with sofa that can be converyed to another bed. The accra beach enjoyed a relatively high occupancy rate,with the highest occupancy rates achieved from january through march and the lowerst generally during the summer. the hotel’s average room rates followed a similar pattern,with the highest room rates being achieved from december through march but relatively low rates during the summer months. the hotel’s RevPAR showed even more variation,with RevPARs exceeding US$140 from january though october . the rate on the pengouse suites ranged from US$310 to US$395,while those on the junior suites ranged fromUS$195 to US$235. guests had to pay barbados value-added tax of 7. percent on room charges and 15percent on meals. The accra beach had traditionally promoted itself as a resort destination,but in the last few years,it has been promoting its convenient location and had attracted many business customers. cheria works extensively with tour operators and corporate travel managers. the majority such as barbados cablewireless,and the caribbean international banking corporation. the composition of hotel guests had changed drastically had been dominated by tourists from the uk and canada,but during the past few years,the percentage of corporate customers had increased dramatically. The majority of corporate customers come for business meeting with local companies. Sometimes,guests who were on vacation (particularly during the winter months) felt uncomfortable finding themselves surrounded by business people. As one vacationer put it, â€Å"There ‘s just something weird about being on vacationer and going to the beach and then seeing suit -clad business people chatting on their cell phones. † However,the hotel achieved a higher average room rate from business guests than vacationers and had found the volume of corporate usiness to be much more stable than that from tour operators and individual guests. Cherita Howard,the hotel’s Sales Manager,had been approached by the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) about the possibility of the Accra Beach Hotel serving as the host hotel for the following spring’s West Indies Cricket Home Series, an important international sporting event rotated among several different Caribbean nations and Barbados would be hosting the next one, which would feature visiting teams from India and New Zealand. Cherita and Jon Martineau,General Manager of the hotel,both thought that the marketing exposure associated with hosting the teams would be very beneficial for the hotel but were concerned about accepting the business because they knew from past experience that many of the desired dates were usually very busy days for the hotel. They were sure that the rate that the WICB was willing to pay would be lower than the average rate of US$140-$150 they normally achieved during these times. In contrast to regular guests,who could usually be counted upon to have a number of meals at the hotel,team members and officials would probably be less likely to dine at the hotel because they would be on a per diem budget. On average,both corporate customers and vacationers spend about US$8 per person for breakfast and vacationers spend about US$25 per person for dinner (per person including VAT). The margin on food and beverage is approximately 30percent. About 80 percent of all guests have breakfast at the hotel and approximately 30 percent of all guests dine at the hotel (there are many other attractive restaurant options nearby). Mr. Martineau thought that only about 25 percent of the cricket group would have breakfast at the hotel and maybe only about 25 percent of the cricket group would have breakfast at the hotel and maybe only about 10 percent would dine at the hotel. Also, they worried about how

I believe the greatest technological discovery in Essays

I believe the greatest technological discovery in the last 50 years would be the Internet. I believe the politically correct term would be technological invention, but I believe that everything was created for humans to discover and find, instead of create. I chose the Internet because the mere fact that we cannot function without the internet anymore can be compared to how we can't exist without water. The amount of data that is coded and transcribed every second is something the human mind can't begin to think about. The development done in the last decade due to the internet would easily equal 50-100 years of without it. With this invention, people can now share their research and knowledge with others across the entire world in a reliable and quick method. On a personal note, my parents were able to communicate and connect with their distant family members, for free, because of this beautiful invention. In modern times, people do not have to send letters or meet once a year at so me convention to get nearly nothing done. With the Internet, knowledge on almost anything is available for anyone to use. The ability of it to be fast and efficient, allows the user to suffer less in streaming through huge volumes of encyclopedias in under seconds. When someone reads the prompt answered in this question, another possibility that people might say is the wheel. Humans would not have advanced through any era without this key invention, but those advancements took long periods of time to progress. The Internet has rapidly advanced the modern world into something that would not have been even thought of 150 years ago. I find it amazing when my grandma tells us that there used to be only one phone in entire village when she was growing up. She is still in shock over the fact that we are able to dial and Bluetooth any song we want in our long car rides. The Internet has opened a plethora of opportunities for everyone to use, whether it be advancement in a field, or just re connecting with family and this can all be done through the Internet. A personal challenge I have faced is overcoming self-doubt during times of struggle. When I work or think about my goals I think about the long and hard path to reach it and look at my current self and sometimes get discouraged or demotivated to continue to strive towards the goal. I would overcome this by working even harder and pushing the negativity out of my mind and strive toward more current and more "reachable goals" that I could complete in days-weeks such as getting better grades, or getting higher marks on tests, etc. I also overcome these negative hurdles by watching motivational videos of others achieving their own versions of success and seeing how they overcame their obstacles and realize that if they could do it then so could I. Some other personal challenge which contributes to the demotivation would be time management/ quality of my work. If I see my time management and work quality starting to get hindered it usually starts a snowball effect of slacking off and putt ing off assignments. Once I realize what's happening I stop this challenge by sitting down and getting to work to make up assignments/ doing work early so I can get the stress off my back and have better time management quality of work in the future. Another way I also solve this issue is by stepping away from my social life for a bit usually two or three days and I get straight to reestablishing my schedule and organizing my workloads scheduling which day to finish which load for that day, so by the end I have everything done and an effective schedule to lean on when I am getting a little overwhelmed.

Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity

Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity Both stories under consideration – Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood – disclose the primary importance of food as measurement of character’s thoughts, emotions, and feelings. Hence, food is the main amplifier and triggering point in family relations, specifically in relations between a man and a woman.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood: Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In both novels, food serves as means for breaking conventional norms in society and for distorting the main underpinnings of stereotypical thinking. However, there are some substantial discrepancies in perceiving the role food and its relation to human relations and society. Particularly, the novel Chocolat by Joanne Harris presents food as a symbol of temptation an d desire which brings a splash of color and luxury to the town. Food serves to provoke feelings and helps villagers to evade from routine. In contrast, Atwood presents food as the purpose for analyzing human’s negative qualities and emphasizes consumerist tendencies in the novel. The main heroine, hence, is more absorbed with existential problems when identifying herself with edible commodity. Both novels present food as an indicator of gender roles and sexuality. However, these considerations are presented in various connotations. Hence, in Chocolat, confectionary symbolizes the revival of sexuality and gender considerations. The main heroine, Vianne Rocher, a chocolate maker, is presented in apposition to Francis Reynaud, a priest who is trying to suppress human fleshly desires and who impels the villagers to keep Lent (Harris 10). However, Vianne’s mysterious appearance in the village revives the celebration of taste and imbues people with sense of life. In this reg ard, food is associated as a gift of love and understanding. It helps people re-evaluate their positions in society. In Atwood’s novel The Edible Woman, food serves to reject gender roles. In particular, Marian refuses to eat because she is afraid of the responsibilities of being a woman. Marians perceives everything through the prism of consumption. So, when she describes Peter’s apartment she assimilates all details of the rooms through food and related notions such as â€Å"assimilation† and â€Å"digestion† (Atwood 36). In the same way, she refers to society that similarly processes women and converts them into more â€Å"digestible† forms. In this regard, Marian’s refusal is viewed as a protest to be assimilated and digested by domesticity. Nevertheless, despite the discrepancies presented in both works, they still present gender and identity crisis.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In both novels, food personified character’s thoughts, judgments, and needs, but differently. Hence, Harris’s protagonists, Vianne Rocher perceives life as being full of colors, bright impressions where chocolate is one of means for imbuing mere existence with unforgettable moments (Harris 78). For the heroine, food allows to fill the life with taste, smell, and sense and revive desire to live and love. In this regard, symbolizes temptation, desire, and love. It is not surprising that the writer describes the events during the Lent when people should reconcile their human desires. Unlike Chocolat, Atwood introduces food to emphasize that everything in out world is subjected to reason and people look at each other as a â€Å"perfect† or â€Å"irrelevant† match (Atwood 39). Therefore, the cake woman baked in the end of the novel discloses rationalist and consumerist tendencies in relations within a community and between people. In the same way, Marians associates her body with food and divides society into predators and preys. Through rejecting her social and gender roles, Marian refuses to become a member of the society because the fear of being eaten and assimilated. She, thus, alienates from her female nature and places herself apart form the process of maturation and becoming a woman. Chocolat and The Edible Woman present various philosophical interpretations of food. In particular, Joanne Harris puts forward a solely idealistic view on food that serve as means of inspirations and enrichment of social life. Being a good example of magic realism, the novel provides unconventional approaches to describing the role of food in society. The food, thus, is a symbol of revived spirituality that provides motivation to resolve conflicts and establish new relationships. In this regard, the shop opened by Vianne is associated with something idealistic and even mysterious. In this shop, the villagers can find â€Å"the right† chocolate for healing their broken hearts and for solving their spiritual and amorous affairs. The shop â€Å"opens in a such small village: there is a strict code of behavior governing such situations, and people are reserved† (Harris 18). In contrast to Harris’s vision of food, Atwood’s novel presents food in negative connotation. In particular, food personifies reason, pragmatics, and consumerism. In this regard, Marians is obsessed with her materialistic view on human relations. She denounces the established norms of relations between a man and a woman that are originally dictated by nature and morale. In conclusion, it should be emphasized, that both literary works provide completely opposed views on the role of food in society and in family relations. The role of food can be explicitly viewed through the authors’ description of gender roles in society, characters’ needs, goals, and ou tlooks on life, and philosophical concepts introduced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood: Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, Chocolat is a novel, which belongs to the stream of magical realism, describes how Vianne’s confections change lives of the villagers and improve family relations. The Edible Woman, however, is fully opposed to Harris’s ideas because food is presented a means for describing and emphasizing Marian’s consumerist outlook on human relations and society in general. Atwood, Margaret. The Edible Woman. US: McClelland Stewart, 1999. Print. Harris, Joanne. Chocolat. UK: Doubleday, 1999. Print.

Illusion of Beauty Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Illusion of Beauty - Movie Review Example This drama film is the representation of all those problems which are significantly associated with the American Dream, especially for the middle economic class. It is a remarkable portrayal of tensions in the life of middle class men in order to thrive for better living. There is another sufficient illumination which is efficiently presented by Medes through his direction. This issue is related to the difference is between the conventional conception of beauty in concordance with the American Dream and the real concept of beauty which leads an individual towards happiness rather than mere pleasure. This paper is focused on describing the myth of beauty in the conventional concept which can lead to the illusion of happiness; however, it is a disturbing shift from happiness to misery. This will be described by the analysis of the last scene of Lester in this film in terms of cinematography and mise-en-scene. Description The scene begins in the kitchen where Angela and Lester are in a conversation right after Angela eats something. After some general dialogues about food and unusual incident occurred between them, Lester asks Angela about his daughter Jane. He asks that how is she? Is she happy or miserable? On which Angela replies that Jane is satisfied, and she is in love with Ricky. Lester acts in a calm manner and this answer of Angela brings a smile on his face. This is followed by Angela’s question as she asks Lester about how is he? Lester gently tells Angela that he has not being asked any of such questions regarding his self for a long time. He further tells Angela after a significant pause that he is high. Angela excuses for going to the bathroom and leaves (Spacey, Bening and Birch 01:48:58-01:51:47). The scene continues with Lester in the frame, and he smiles again and repeats that he is high. After repeating his dialogue, he smiles and looks to the left side. Lester moves towards left as the shot cuts and a larger frame covers Lester’s motion towards the photo. Lester picks that photo frame in his hands and starts to look at it while walking towards the dining table, and he sits on a chair (Spacey, Bening and Birch 01:48:58-01:51:47). Lester keeps on staring at the photo ahead of which a flower vase is placed with red roses in it. The short cuts and shifts towards the photo in which Lester and Carolyn (Lester’s wife) and preadolescent Jane are present. In the photo, the whole family seems to be happy. The shot shifts in 180 degree camera angle, framing Lester’s face and he delivers his dialogues. He says, â€Å"Man o man† and the shot shifts towards the left shoulder framing his face in a wide angle from the left shoulder (Spacey, Bening and Birch 01:48:58-01:51:47). He repeats his dialogue and a nozzle of a gun comes into the frame from the right side. The scene follows as the camera pans towards the left side covering the photo and the vase with the red roses in motion. The camera stops on t he white wall opposite to Lester's direction, and the sound of a gunshot takes place with Lester’s blood sprayed on the wall. The scene ends on the wall on which Lester’s blood drops down in a downwards flow (Spacey, Bening and Birch 01:48:58-01:51:47). Cinematography This scene of the American drama film American Beauty, which has been described in the previous heading, is one of the most significant scenes of the film. In

The Effect of Class Size on Student Achievement Dissertation

The Effect of Class Size on Student Achievement - Dissertation Example Therefore, it can be said that, though no significant relation of the class size to student success has been found, a smaller size of the class is preferred by people involved in the learning process. This can be explained by the fact that a smaller number of students makes it easier for a teacher to work with the group. In addition, students feel more comfortable emotionally and psychologically when studying in a smaller class. However, it should be mentioned that the limitations of the research do not allow to make any categorical or ultimate claims. First of all, the number of sample groups is not large enough to reach the statistically significant research results. Secondly, due to a great number of variables, such as differences in students’ prior knowledge, educational and social background, as well instructors’ teaching experience, no statistically grounded argument can be drawn out of the research. Furthermore, another limitation of the study is that there is no knowledge of how the same student would perform in a differently sized type of a class. Therefore, a greater and longer research should be carried out in order to give a definite answer to the question of whether class size influences student’s academic performance. It would be assumed that the hypothesis would have to be rejected. The majority of the people were strongly for reducing class size. It was proven in many studies that the overall progress of students, including achievement levels, did improve in smaller classes. So, the literature review suggests that the hypothesis should be rejected. However, the results of the carried out by me research have shown different results, which, actually, can be used to support the hypothesis. Still, as the analysis of the research suggests, the amount of data received does not allow making any statistically grounded claims. Although I do believe that Grant County high school teachers and students could benefit from a reduction in

The Main Ideas Behind Human Security Politics Essay

The Main Ideas Behind Human Security Politics Essay The main idea behind human security is to provide peace and security for the citizens both with nation-state and to ensure their protection against threats from the outside. A key source of military battle that gives focus for the Western worlds insight of the risk to human security was detached when the Cold War came to an finish. In fact, as early as the 1970s, the United States extended its explanation of national security to take in global economics, when it became obvious that the US economy was no longer the independent force it had formerly been, but affected by financial policies in a dozen other countries.2 But a fully-fledged dispute about the importance and re-conceptualization of security/protection did not start until the early 1980s.3 Human security is a contained scope. It doesnt cover all important, necessary, and profound features of human living. Rather is classifies and protects a inadequate vital core of human abilities and activities. This many have recently been described by fundamental human rights, or absolute needs, and basic capabilities. This core is a non-technical term which is a concern which lies behind human security. This may be defined or explained in the space of capabilities, the freedom people have to be and to do. Key components of this vital core are essentially human rights, which all persons and organizations are obliges to provide and receive respect, even if these responsibilities are not perfectly specifiable. The freedom and the rights in the vital core relate to survival, to livelihood, and to basic dignity. People which enjoy the rudimentary security as to their livelihood, survival, and self-respect even during awful conditions such as poverty, disaster, and war. The working definition doesnt state the freedoms and rights that relate to the vital core outside recognizing these three categories. The task of arranging among capabilities and rights, each of which is debatable by some to be essential, is a value decision and difficult one, which may be assumed by suitable organizations. Yet this decision is a circuital one if human security is to be effective and realistic. Due to this there is a foreseeable stress between (i) the need for participating engagement and analysis of this core by many, specially by those whose safety is endangered, (ii) the need for NGOs, international agencies, and public associations , among others, clearly to define a vital core and to introduce processes and organizations which prepare to protect it effectively. The imperfect but operational response to this stress is to continue a self-consciously unclear, wide working understanding of human security, and to articulate processes for operationalizing, this defini tion in existing circumstances by controlled organizations, for different populations. The key concept of human security is a people-centered concept. It emphases the attention from different institutions on human security and their societies worldwide. This focus on human beings separates human security from the objective of defending states areas that controlled security policies in the 19th and 20th centuries. Human security changes that focus to individuals despite of race, religion, gender, ethnicity, or any other characteristics. The human security approach matches the movement in economic improvement and international policies to move and the emphasis from instrumental focus (such as state rights, and growth) to human development and human rights. In doing this the humans become the end of improvement, not only as a mean to increase efficiency or legal logic, and these different activities become people-centered. The aim of human security is directly on human lives. But in order to protect individuals lives efficiently, actors must identify and deliberately prepare for distinct threats. Threats which are made to humans are critical that is, they threaten to cut into daily or core activities and functions of human lives. Such threats may be sudden- as in economic collapse, but they need not be, for what is defined as threat as critical is its tragic depth rather than the suddenness. Additionally the dangers are pervasive, meaning the treat is at a larger scale example of this might be to do with large amount of populated countries, another is a treat which may come again and again, such threats could be environmental and nuclear, or even at such a magnitude that they may never recur. Human security threats have different mechanism of operations. Threats such as genocide or soil degradation may have a direct impact on the humans live. Other threats are indirect, threats such as overinvestment in military or in debt due to underinvestment in certain areas, which leads to the collapse of public health care sectors, or when a country have very low education standards. Human security relates to both of these kinds of threats. Another Different types of attempts have been made to give an adequate conceptualization of human security. There are two major contemporary theories of international relations. One of these approaches is based on noe-realist theoretical context, which aim is to maintain an ongoing emphasis on the primacy of the state within broadened conceptualization of human security. This type of approach is also known as the new security thinking.4.This approach is built on a set of assumptions that fundamental effort to dislodge the state as the main referent of security, while placing larger importance on the inter-dependency and trans-nationalization of non-state performers. Buzan claimed that the straitjacket militaristic method to safety that controlled the discourse during the Cold War was simple-minded and lead to the underdevelopment of the idea.6The critical or postmodernist method to human security, replicated in the work of Ken Booth, he claims that human security is eventually more significa nt than states security.9 The postmodernist conceptualization of security does not compare state security with human security. Booths view, states and suggest that governments must no longer be the sole referents of the security, because governments are supposed to be the protectors of the peoples security, have become the sole source of uncertainty for the numerous people who live below their power, rather than the equipped forces of a different country.10. This method tests the idea of a state as an current and tolerable source of security to its people. Both methodstry to address the non-military dangers to human security. The major modification lays in the way these analyses point to action. The enlargement of safety to conceive of more than just armed threats increases the argumentative question: What is it that needs to be madesafe?1 1asanoutcome, the continuing (security) discussion centers on the identification of a principal referent or unit of security has been central to a continuing (security) argument. Arguments for the state to remain the main referent of safety must not mean upholding the state as the sole or unitary referent of security. But somewhat it means that the safety of the state, in specific a state that is weak, should continue to remain primary, since the main aim is to build the volume of the state to deliver and keep security for its citizens.1 2 In other words, while the conceptualization of security must make the safety of individuals and human beings its end, the state, as the means, cannot be detached as the key referent. After all if the state is to deliver and uphold sec urity, it has to be protected itself or to use Buzans words, it has to be or become a strong state.1 3. This reason, of course, needs explaining. What establishes a state? Using the conventional explanation, a nation is consisting of a territory/land, government, and people. In additional disagreements the whole (that is the state), comprising all its essential parts, has a mutual relationship with the individual parts. The state cannot be protected if its essential parts are self-doubting or unbalanced. At the same time, if the nation as the organization demonstrating its essential parts is weak or doubtful in relative to other states, its elements will also be affected by such weakness or insecurity. Booth has debated that national security was used by governments that stood as protectors of their peoples security, to cover reality and hide what essentially was the security of their regime and its followers and consequently be dislodged as a primary referent of security.1

Jawhar Gram Samridhi Yojna

Its name then got changed to Jawhar Gram Samridhi Yojna . lt was started on 1 April 1999. The main aim of this programme was development of rural infrastructure. Belief that good rural infrastructure would give rise to many opportunities which poor rural people could benefit and improve their condition. Infrastructure like roads to connect the village to different area, which made the village more accessible and also other social, educational(schools) and Infrastructure Ilke hospitals. Its secondary objective was to give out sustained wage employment.This was only given to BPL (below the poverty ine)famllnder was to be spent for Individual beneficiary schemes for SCS and ST's and 3% for establishment of barrier free infrastructure for the disabled people. The village panchayats were one of the main governing body of this programme. There it did not feel like an outsider was controlling it, the village panchayats were a part of the people and understood their needs. ThOOO 1841. 80 cro re was used and they had a target of 8. 57 lakh works, 5. 07 lakh works were completed during 1999-2000.Employment Assurance Scheme(EAS) This scheme was started on 1 October 1993. It was first started in 1772 backward areas In 257 districts. The revamped public distribution system was in operation here. It was later expanded to all the 5448 rural blocks of the country. The employment assurance scheme was later renamed red In 1999-2000 to the single wage employment programme. The maln objective was to create wage employment opportunities through manual work for the people inrea living below 13/12/2012 7:31 PM http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/poverty_alleviation_programmes_in_lndia the poverty line in the time of acute shortage of wage employment. The other objective is creation of durable community and social and economic for sustained employment and development of the poor. This scheme is available all the poor andy people living below the poverty line who cannot help themselves. preto SC and STs and also to parents of children those who have Just been saved from child labour and from hazardous working conditions who are bellow the poverty line. Also only 2 adults of the family are given wage employment.This programme is carried out and implemented through Zilla parishads and in those states where Zilla parishads are not there, it is implemented through DRDA's. The Zilla parishads finalize all the works in their Jurisdiction which is approved by the MP's(members of parliament)The zliia arisahds are allowed to spend 15% of the funds for the maintenance of the assets formed and created under this scheme. During 1999 and 2000 they had an target of 4091. 63 mandays, 2566. 39 lakh mandays were created and the total allocation of funds during that year was 2431. 46 crore and the amount that was used was Rs 1998. 6 crore. National Old Age Pension Scheme(NOAPS) As the name suggest this scheme provided pension to old people who were above the age of 65 who could not fend for them selves and did not have any means of substinence. The pension that was given was Rs 200 a month. This pension is given y the central government. The Job of implementation of this scheme in states and union territories is given to panchayats and municipalities. The states contribution may vary depending on the state. National Family Benefit Scheme(NFBS) This scheme was started in August 1995 by GO'. This scheme is sponsored by the state government.It was transferred to the state sector scheme after 2002-03. It is under the community and rural department. This scheme provides a sum of 10000Rs to a person of a family who become the head of the family after the death of its primary breadwinner. A breadwinner is a person who is above 18 who earns the ost for the family and the family survives on his/her earnings. It is for families below the poverty line. National Maternity Benefit Scheme This scheme provides a sum of 500 Rs to a pregnant mother for the first two live births. Th e women have to be older than 19 years of age.It is given normally 12-8 weeks DeTore tne Dlrtn ana In case 0T tne aeatn 0T tne cn110 tne women can stlll avall it. The NSAP is implemented by states and union territories with the help of panchayats and municipalities. During 1999-2000 the total allocation of funds for this scheme was 767. 05 crores and the amount used was Rs 596. 99 crores. ANNAPURNA This scheme was started by the government in 1999-2000 to provide food to senior citizens who cannot take care of themselves and are not under the targeted public distribution system(TPDS), and who have no one to take care of them in their village.

Tibbat Bangladesh

Introduction The art of advertising is a tough job. It is not very easy to impress the mind of the target audience and create a good perception of your product. Creating a good perception takes the job to whole new level where advertisers must make the audience learn about the product. This instigates an even harder job, to pursue the audience to make the decision in your favor. The job is even harder when you have to pursue the audience about a product which has failed once in the past. Such is our mission in reestablishing one of our favorite food brands on the past, ‘Nocilla’. Grupo Nutrexpa’ is the mother company of ‘Nocilla’. The company is headquartered in Barcelona, and it was set up in the 1940s with a view to produce food which was â€Å"tasty and highly nutritious†. Nutrexpa offers five kinds of ‘Nocilla’ with different colors and taste which are ‘Nocilla Bokawa(cake)’; ‘Nocilla Postres (a liquid chocol ate which is used on ice-cream,burgers etc)’; ‘Nocilla sticks (flour sticks& chocolate)’; ‘Nocilla Vasos (red, green, light blue, glass jars)’; ‘Nocilla Tarrinas (two chocolate flavor)’. Basically ‘Nocilla Original’ was marketed in Bangladesh.At the beginning of the 1990’s it was available in our local market though a food importing company of Bangladesh called ‘Sajeeb Corporation’. For the sake of our project we are assuming that Nocilla is being re launched in Bangladesh and the hard task of advertising about this forgotten product has been handed to an advertising company managed by us. Advertising Objectives Sales Objective: It is obvious that Nocilla’s sales in Bangladesh have declined drastically over the last few years. So our main and prime objective as the advertising agency is to boost the sales of Nocilla.Since there are very little mearns of communicating Nocilla to the consumers, we ca n use advertising which is a dominant force in the marketing mix for Nocilla. Communication Objective: As we are repositioning Nocilla with the concept of both Taste and Nutrition, we need to communicate this information to the appropriate target consumers. Through our advertising, we have to make sure the kids get the sense of taste and the parent's get the essence of Nutrition. Audience Analysis As per our analysis, our audiences are our target consumers for whom Nocilla would be reestablished.Kids are very fond of chocolate and would very cheerfully grab the oopportunity to change their traditional breakfast with something more chocolaty and tasty. Teenagers always look for different types of taste in their breakfast. They prefer a fast and easily makeable breakfast that would quickly set them free to get busy with their activities. Also they may prefer the taste whenever they would like to have quick snacks. Paren'ts always look to provide the necessary nutrition to their childr en. Nocilla provides hassle free and quick nutritious breakfast for them.This behavior is also applicable for people with a busy life style and always on the go. Segmentation To better attract our target audience our advertising agency has decided to break down our consumers into sub group of consumers that have ssimilar needs, desired product benefits and purchase behavior. We have decided to segment our consumers by dividing them into Demographic, Geographic and Psychographic segments. Demographic Segmentation: Our target consumers would be of the age between 6 to 25 years. They are mainly kids, teenagers and grownups of that specific age category who share a love for a chocolaty breakfast.We can also include the household of parent's who likes a nutritious breakfast for their kids. Geographic Segmentation: As for the quality Nocilla is a premium product with a premium price. So our main target location will be the city areas like Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet and other major city cen tered regions. Psychographic Segmentation: Our segmentation also depends on the life style of the consumers who would like a ready and fast breakfast as they lead a very busy life. Nocilla only requires a little amount of time to be spread on bread and to prepare. TargetingWe are targeting our consumers based on differentiated marketing. We are targeting kids, teenagers, and grownups. Again, our target segments include parent's and other persons with busy life styles. Positioning We will position Nocilla as ‘A tasty and nutritious breakfast’. One of the prime causes for the fall of the Nocilla brand was its excessive focus on the taste of the product. As consumers became more concerned over nutrition Nocilla began to lose consumers and thus Nocilla began to lose its brand image in Bangladesh. That’s why we are also focusing on the Nutrition factor as equally as taste.Creative Strategy Art Direction: The artistic attributes of the ad-campaign will mainly focus on the positioning concept- ‘A tasty and nutritious breakfast’. In our campaign, all the advertisements will be directed in such a way so that they represent a creative mixture of both factors- Tasty & Nutritious. Also all the ads will indirectly communicate the quick preparation factor. Production Values: For our advertisement campaign, production values plays a very important role in order to convince completely different type segments.Firstly, to attract the kids we have to use our audio and video options in such a way so that our advertisements provide a childish representation. Again to attract the parent's and grown-ups, our visual representation should be in communicative style. Now, to maintain these objectives, we have developed our advertisements accompanied with a proper mixture of communicative style and childish appearance. To create an appropriate ad-campaign for the re establishment of the brand Nocilla we will need the following components of the copy platf orm: ) The sales of Nocilla have drastically declined due to the excessive attention drawn towards the taste criteria, instead of illustrating it as an ideal breakfast spread. b) Our primary objective would be to include the nutrition and quick prepare ability of a Nocilla breakfast along with the taste criteria. c) Unlike before Nocilla would be packaged in different sizes of glass jars and its coloring will differ with the contents of jar. There will be 4 varieties of Nocilla to be marketed in Bangladesh. Its packaging will also contain the nutrition chart which will be easily readable by the consumers. ) The profile of the target audience will be verified from our studies of the audience analysis and their behaviors. e) After a careful study of the Bangladesh Market we have come to see that there is quite a few numbers of competitors of Nocilla in the market. One of the prime competitors of Nocilla was found to be ‘Nutkao’. Originated from Italy, this product has off ered to competitors’ different shapes and sizes of the product according to the family needs. The vvariety of the jars and the illustrations visualized emphasizes on it being a family food to be eaten during any time of the day.Another competitor ‘Cokokrem’ comes from Turkey. This product doesn’t have any vvariety in the market but did illustrate a great taste appeal of cocoa which is rare compared to the others. ‘Alpella Krem’,’Nutella’ ; ‘New Cream’ are also some of the competitors. The mother companies of these products are yet to be recognized. But the nutrition factors of these products do pose a threat to Nocilla. While we have seen Nocilla being priced at only Tk 120/70 based on available sizes, all the other competitors are priced above Tk 200.This suggests that Nocilla have done a good job in keeping the price at a check compared to its competitors. f) The key consumer benefits of Nocilla are- Its tasty, ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s nutritious, and it’s quick to prepare. g) Support for the consumer benefits: The organization is providing us 4 varieties of the Nocilla products which support our notion of it being tasty. Again we are providing a nutrition chart to support claim of Nocilla being nutritious. The traditional packaging of Nocilla with a plastic cap makes it very easy to use thus further supporting our claim. ) Our recommendation for the organization for the selling strategy will be to use a combination of pull and push strategies. They can provide the retailers with trade promotions to push demand of the product while our advertisement will hopefully create a demand among the retailer to store Nocilla on their shelves. i) As for selling style we will go for the soft selling style that mearns we will create an impression in consumer’s mind which will lead them in taking the decision of purchasing Nocilla.Through our ad campaign we will include various kinds of appeals which are- quality appeal, star appeal and definitely sensory appeal. Media Strategy Determining Geographic Scope: As we are reestablishing Nocilla and don’t want to waste our advertisers resources by transmitting our advertisements in areas where the products had limited or no demand. So we are concentrating our advertising efforts in cities like: Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet. After a few months of operations, we will use BDI and CDI to evaluate our performance.Scheduling the message: As an advertising agency, we plan to determine the timing of our message when the people in the target audience are very much receptive to the medium we are intending to use. We have decided on the continuity of our message by adopting â€Å"pulsing†. As our target audience are more receptive towards our ads during the â€Å"early fringe† i. e. ; 4-7 p. m. and during â€Å"prime time† i. e. ; 8-11 p. m. The size, length and position of our ads will be determined as per the advertisi ng objectives: creative strategy, budget, and reach ; frequency requirement.In case of TV, we picked Channel i and NTV for running our TV commercials. For NTV, we have selected a total of 22 spots for running our ads with duration of 30 seconds. In Channel i, 6 spots have been selected for running the same 30 seconds advertisement. For print media, we have decided to put on a total of 75 insertions, with a combination of full size, 40col-inch, 24col-inch ; 18col-inch ads. Selecting the media: After analyzing the media audiences, media environments and the competitor’s media usages, we have decided that our â€Å"Media Mix† will consist of print media ; electronic media (television).We will also be doing other out-of-home advertisements. Calculating the cost efficiency: The ‘media mix’ will be selected by calculating the Cost per Thousand (CPM) of that particular media according to the data available from the company. Print Strategy We plan to utilize the p rint media by advertising our product in the newspapers only. Magazines are not appropriate according to us for our food product. Thus by advertising in the daily newspapers in our limited budget would be the most cost effective strategy to reestablish Nocilla.We are basically advertising in ‘The Daily Star’ and ‘The Daily Prothom-Alo’. After initial advertisements in these two popular print media we will move on to other newspapers after analyzing the effectiveness of the advertisements. The detailed planned budgeting strategy for utilization is provided in the Appendix section. Headlines, Body copy and Slogan Headlines: We will introduce various types of Headlines to attract our consumers at separate time periods. First, we will use ‘news headlines’ which will describe the new arrival of Nocilla.Again to represent the product quality we will use ‘benefit headlines’. These headlines will be presented to our audience time to time. One example of our headlines is- â€Å"The new taste of breakfast†. Body Copy: A very important characteristic of the advertisements is they all will consist ‘picture and caption copy’. The main purpose of doing this is to visually attract our target segments. Sometimes there will be pictures of Nocilla jars providing product information. And some other times images of kids will be introduced accompanied with concrete messages.Slogan: As we are reestablishing Nocilla, we will introduce a new slogan- â€Å"Wake Up, Boost Up and Break Out†. This new slogan is necessary to create a new brand image. This slogan has been developed in such a way so that it is stylish enough to attract kids and teenagers; and it is encouraging enough for the parent's and grown-ups. Television Advertising As for television advertising we will go only for cable channels- Channel I, NTV. This is mainly because our target market is not the mass market. Infact, we are targeting only t he city centered consumers.So, they can be easily reached using the cable channels. Our advertising type will be both participation and spot announcement. This campaign will involve buying ad spots for some particular programs and also purchasing segments of commercial times from the TV. Our planning for Television advertising will include measuring the TV audience using ‘program rating’; selecting time periods that is early fringe and prime time; understanding TV ad rates using the formula of CPP; placing TV ads based on availability and using special TV services that is provided time to time by the TV channels.

What Makes The Bible Into Theology - 849 Words

Introduction Canonization is the promotion and acceptance of a text as sacred and binding. (Detweiler, 1985). The particular qualities of biblical literature which become canon are what makes the Bible into theology (Stordalen, 2007). The word â€Å"canon† is an ancient Semitic word that, in ancient times, had come to be thought of as a standard or rule for faith and life. The books of the Old and New Testaments have long been considered canon, or â€Å"divine writings† (â€Å"Lecture 2,† 2015). Canonization of the Bible was a varied process that occurred over a very long span of time and involved many different scholars, but it resulted in an enduring book to be studied not only as literature, but also as God’s word (â€Å"Lecture 2,† 2015). Though the Bible has endured for hundreds of years, there are were and are disagreements about what canon is and research is ongoing. Old Testament Beginning with the Old Testament (â€Å"OT†), it is evident that there is no one answer to what is considered canon, as Protestants, Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians have never agreed on the extent of the OT. Protestants have accepted the current 39 books of the OT as canon since the Reformation, but our ability to actually know the reasons the Jews accepted the 39 books of Hebrew Scripture as they are currently arranged is lost in antiquity (Klein, Blomberg, Hubbard, 2004). Biblically, the basic tenet for canon is that it be inspired, â€Å"God-breathed† (2 Tim. 3:16). In What is a Sacred Text,Show MoreRelatedThe Need For Greater Understanding Of Theology855 Words   |  4 PagesGrenz and Olson, passionate about the need for greater understanding of theology, have taken on a difficult task in attempting to address the concerns of those who might question the need for theology and lead them into conscientious practice of theology themselves. 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