The Main Ideas Behind Human Security Politics Essay

The Main Ideas Behind Human Security Politics Essay The main idea behind human security is to provide peace and security for the citizens both with nation-state and to ensure their protection against threats from the outside. A key source of military battle that gives focus for the Western worlds insight of the risk to human security was detached when the Cold War came to an finish. In fact, as early as the 1970s, the United States extended its explanation of national security to take in global economics, when it became obvious that the US economy was no longer the independent force it had formerly been, but affected by financial policies in a dozen other countries.2 But a fully-fledged dispute about the importance and re-conceptualization of security/protection did not start until the early 1980s.3 Human security is a contained scope. It doesnt cover all important, necessary, and profound features of human living. Rather is classifies and protects a inadequate vital core of human abilities and activities. This many have recently been described by fundamental human rights, or absolute needs, and basic capabilities. This core is a non-technical term which is a concern which lies behind human security. This may be defined or explained in the space of capabilities, the freedom people have to be and to do. Key components of this vital core are essentially human rights, which all persons and organizations are obliges to provide and receive respect, even if these responsibilities are not perfectly specifiable. The freedom and the rights in the vital core relate to survival, to livelihood, and to basic dignity. People which enjoy the rudimentary security as to their livelihood, survival, and self-respect even during awful conditions such as poverty, disaster, and war. The working definition doesnt state the freedoms and rights that relate to the vital core outside recognizing these three categories. The task of arranging among capabilities and rights, each of which is debatable by some to be essential, is a value decision and difficult one, which may be assumed by suitable organizations. Yet this decision is a circuital one if human security is to be effective and realistic. Due to this there is a foreseeable stress between (i) the need for participating engagement and analysis of this core by many, specially by those whose safety is endangered, (ii) the need for NGOs, international agencies, and public associations , among others, clearly to define a vital core and to introduce processes and organizations which prepare to protect it effectively. The imperfect but operational response to this stress is to continue a self-consciously unclear, wide working understanding of human security, and to articulate processes for operationalizing, this defini tion in existing circumstances by controlled organizations, for different populations. The key concept of human security is a people-centered concept. It emphases the attention from different institutions on human security and their societies worldwide. This focus on human beings separates human security from the objective of defending states areas that controlled security policies in the 19th and 20th centuries. Human security changes that focus to individuals despite of race, religion, gender, ethnicity, or any other characteristics. The human security approach matches the movement in economic improvement and international policies to move and the emphasis from instrumental focus (such as state rights, and growth) to human development and human rights. In doing this the humans become the end of improvement, not only as a mean to increase efficiency or legal logic, and these different activities become people-centered. The aim of human security is directly on human lives. But in order to protect individuals lives efficiently, actors must identify and deliberately prepare for distinct threats. Threats which are made to humans are critical that is, they threaten to cut into daily or core activities and functions of human lives. Such threats may be sudden- as in economic collapse, but they need not be, for what is defined as threat as critical is its tragic depth rather than the suddenness. Additionally the dangers are pervasive, meaning the treat is at a larger scale example of this might be to do with large amount of populated countries, another is a treat which may come again and again, such threats could be environmental and nuclear, or even at such a magnitude that they may never recur. Human security threats have different mechanism of operations. Threats such as genocide or soil degradation may have a direct impact on the humans live. Other threats are indirect, threats such as overinvestment in military or in debt due to underinvestment in certain areas, which leads to the collapse of public health care sectors, or when a country have very low education standards. Human security relates to both of these kinds of threats. Another Different types of attempts have been made to give an adequate conceptualization of human security. There are two major contemporary theories of international relations. One of these approaches is based on noe-realist theoretical context, which aim is to maintain an ongoing emphasis on the primacy of the state within broadened conceptualization of human security. This type of approach is also known as the new security thinking.4.This approach is built on a set of assumptions that fundamental effort to dislodge the state as the main referent of security, while placing larger importance on the inter-dependency and trans-nationalization of non-state performers. Buzan claimed that the straitjacket militaristic method to safety that controlled the discourse during the Cold War was simple-minded and lead to the underdevelopment of the idea.6The critical or postmodernist method to human security, replicated in the work of Ken Booth, he claims that human security is eventually more significa nt than states security.9 The postmodernist conceptualization of security does not compare state security with human security. Booths view, states and suggest that governments must no longer be the sole referents of the security, because governments are supposed to be the protectors of the peoples security, have become the sole source of uncertainty for the numerous people who live below their power, rather than the equipped forces of a different country.10. This method tests the idea of a state as an current and tolerable source of security to its people. Both methodstry to address the non-military dangers to human security. The major modification lays in the way these analyses point to action. The enlargement of safety to conceive of more than just armed threats increases the argumentative question: What is it that needs to be madesafe?1 1asanoutcome, the continuing (security) discussion centers on the identification of a principal referent or unit of security has been central to a continuing (security) argument. Arguments for the state to remain the main referent of safety must not mean upholding the state as the sole or unitary referent of security. But somewhat it means that the safety of the state, in specific a state that is weak, should continue to remain primary, since the main aim is to build the volume of the state to deliver and keep security for its citizens.1 2 In other words, while the conceptualization of security must make the safety of individuals and human beings its end, the state, as the means, cannot be detached as the key referent. After all if the state is to deliver and uphold sec urity, it has to be protected itself or to use Buzans words, it has to be or become a strong state.1 3. This reason, of course, needs explaining. What establishes a state? Using the conventional explanation, a nation is consisting of a territory/land, government, and people. In additional disagreements the whole (that is the state), comprising all its essential parts, has a mutual relationship with the individual parts. The state cannot be protected if its essential parts are self-doubting or unbalanced. At the same time, if the nation as the organization demonstrating its essential parts is weak or doubtful in relative to other states, its elements will also be affected by such weakness or insecurity. Booth has debated that national security was used by governments that stood as protectors of their peoples security, to cover reality and hide what essentially was the security of their regime and its followers and consequently be dislodged as a primary referent of security.1

Jawhar Gram Samridhi Yojna

Its name then got changed to Jawhar Gram Samridhi Yojna . lt was started on 1 April 1999. The main aim of this programme was development of rural infrastructure. Belief that good rural infrastructure would give rise to many opportunities which poor rural people could benefit and improve their condition. Infrastructure like roads to connect the village to different area, which made the village more accessible and also other social, educational(schools) and Infrastructure Ilke hospitals. Its secondary objective was to give out sustained wage employment.This was only given to BPL (below the poverty ine)famllnder was to be spent for Individual beneficiary schemes for SCS and ST's and 3% for establishment of barrier free infrastructure for the disabled people. The village panchayats were one of the main governing body of this programme. There it did not feel like an outsider was controlling it, the village panchayats were a part of the people and understood their needs. ThOOO 1841. 80 cro re was used and they had a target of 8. 57 lakh works, 5. 07 lakh works were completed during 1999-2000.Employment Assurance Scheme(EAS) This scheme was started on 1 October 1993. It was first started in 1772 backward areas In 257 districts. The revamped public distribution system was in operation here. It was later expanded to all the 5448 rural blocks of the country. The employment assurance scheme was later renamed red In 1999-2000 to the single wage employment programme. The maln objective was to create wage employment opportunities through manual work for the people inrea living below 13/12/2012 7:31 PM http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/poverty_alleviation_programmes_in_lndia the poverty line in the time of acute shortage of wage employment. The other objective is creation of durable community and social and economic for sustained employment and development of the poor. This scheme is available all the poor andy people living below the poverty line who cannot help themselves. preto SC and STs and also to parents of children those who have Just been saved from child labour and from hazardous working conditions who are bellow the poverty line. Also only 2 adults of the family are given wage employment.This programme is carried out and implemented through Zilla parishads and in those states where Zilla parishads are not there, it is implemented through DRDA's. The Zilla parishads finalize all the works in their Jurisdiction which is approved by the MP's(members of parliament)The zliia arisahds are allowed to spend 15% of the funds for the maintenance of the assets formed and created under this scheme. During 1999 and 2000 they had an target of 4091. 63 mandays, 2566. 39 lakh mandays were created and the total allocation of funds during that year was 2431. 46 crore and the amount that was used was Rs 1998. 6 crore. National Old Age Pension Scheme(NOAPS) As the name suggest this scheme provided pension to old people who were above the age of 65 who could not fend for them selves and did not have any means of substinence. The pension that was given was Rs 200 a month. This pension is given y the central government. The Job of implementation of this scheme in states and union territories is given to panchayats and municipalities. The states contribution may vary depending on the state. National Family Benefit Scheme(NFBS) This scheme was started in August 1995 by GO'. This scheme is sponsored by the state government.It was transferred to the state sector scheme after 2002-03. It is under the community and rural department. This scheme provides a sum of 10000Rs to a person of a family who become the head of the family after the death of its primary breadwinner. A breadwinner is a person who is above 18 who earns the ost for the family and the family survives on his/her earnings. It is for families below the poverty line. National Maternity Benefit Scheme This scheme provides a sum of 500 Rs to a pregnant mother for the first two live births. Th e women have to be older than 19 years of age.It is given normally 12-8 weeks DeTore tne Dlrtn ana In case 0T tne aeatn 0T tne cn110 tne women can stlll avall it. The NSAP is implemented by states and union territories with the help of panchayats and municipalities. During 1999-2000 the total allocation of funds for this scheme was 767. 05 crores and the amount used was Rs 596. 99 crores. ANNAPURNA This scheme was started by the government in 1999-2000 to provide food to senior citizens who cannot take care of themselves and are not under the targeted public distribution system(TPDS), and who have no one to take care of them in their village.

Tibbat Bangladesh

Introduction The art of advertising is a tough job. It is not very easy to impress the mind of the target audience and create a good perception of your product. Creating a good perception takes the job to whole new level where advertisers must make the audience learn about the product. This instigates an even harder job, to pursue the audience to make the decision in your favor. The job is even harder when you have to pursue the audience about a product which has failed once in the past. Such is our mission in reestablishing one of our favorite food brands on the past, ‘Nocilla’. Grupo Nutrexpa’ is the mother company of ‘Nocilla’. The company is headquartered in Barcelona, and it was set up in the 1940s with a view to produce food which was â€Å"tasty and highly nutritious†. Nutrexpa offers five kinds of ‘Nocilla’ with different colors and taste which are ‘Nocilla Bokawa(cake)’; ‘Nocilla Postres (a liquid chocol ate which is used on ice-cream,burgers etc)’; ‘Nocilla sticks (flour sticks& chocolate)’; ‘Nocilla Vasos (red, green, light blue, glass jars)’; ‘Nocilla Tarrinas (two chocolate flavor)’. Basically ‘Nocilla Original’ was marketed in Bangladesh.At the beginning of the 1990’s it was available in our local market though a food importing company of Bangladesh called ‘Sajeeb Corporation’. For the sake of our project we are assuming that Nocilla is being re launched in Bangladesh and the hard task of advertising about this forgotten product has been handed to an advertising company managed by us. Advertising Objectives Sales Objective: It is obvious that Nocilla’s sales in Bangladesh have declined drastically over the last few years. So our main and prime objective as the advertising agency is to boost the sales of Nocilla.Since there are very little mearns of communicating Nocilla to the consumers, we ca n use advertising which is a dominant force in the marketing mix for Nocilla. Communication Objective: As we are repositioning Nocilla with the concept of both Taste and Nutrition, we need to communicate this information to the appropriate target consumers. Through our advertising, we have to make sure the kids get the sense of taste and the parent's get the essence of Nutrition. Audience Analysis As per our analysis, our audiences are our target consumers for whom Nocilla would be reestablished.Kids are very fond of chocolate and would very cheerfully grab the oopportunity to change their traditional breakfast with something more chocolaty and tasty. Teenagers always look for different types of taste in their breakfast. They prefer a fast and easily makeable breakfast that would quickly set them free to get busy with their activities. Also they may prefer the taste whenever they would like to have quick snacks. Paren'ts always look to provide the necessary nutrition to their childr en. Nocilla provides hassle free and quick nutritious breakfast for them.This behavior is also applicable for people with a busy life style and always on the go. Segmentation To better attract our target audience our advertising agency has decided to break down our consumers into sub group of consumers that have ssimilar needs, desired product benefits and purchase behavior. We have decided to segment our consumers by dividing them into Demographic, Geographic and Psychographic segments. Demographic Segmentation: Our target consumers would be of the age between 6 to 25 years. They are mainly kids, teenagers and grownups of that specific age category who share a love for a chocolaty breakfast.We can also include the household of parent's who likes a nutritious breakfast for their kids. Geographic Segmentation: As for the quality Nocilla is a premium product with a premium price. So our main target location will be the city areas like Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet and other major city cen tered regions. Psychographic Segmentation: Our segmentation also depends on the life style of the consumers who would like a ready and fast breakfast as they lead a very busy life. Nocilla only requires a little amount of time to be spread on bread and to prepare. TargetingWe are targeting our consumers based on differentiated marketing. We are targeting kids, teenagers, and grownups. Again, our target segments include parent's and other persons with busy life styles. Positioning We will position Nocilla as ‘A tasty and nutritious breakfast’. One of the prime causes for the fall of the Nocilla brand was its excessive focus on the taste of the product. As consumers became more concerned over nutrition Nocilla began to lose consumers and thus Nocilla began to lose its brand image in Bangladesh. That’s why we are also focusing on the Nutrition factor as equally as taste.Creative Strategy Art Direction: The artistic attributes of the ad-campaign will mainly focus on the positioning concept- ‘A tasty and nutritious breakfast’. In our campaign, all the advertisements will be directed in such a way so that they represent a creative mixture of both factors- Tasty & Nutritious. Also all the ads will indirectly communicate the quick preparation factor. Production Values: For our advertisement campaign, production values plays a very important role in order to convince completely different type segments.Firstly, to attract the kids we have to use our audio and video options in such a way so that our advertisements provide a childish representation. Again to attract the parent's and grown-ups, our visual representation should be in communicative style. Now, to maintain these objectives, we have developed our advertisements accompanied with a proper mixture of communicative style and childish appearance. To create an appropriate ad-campaign for the re establishment of the brand Nocilla we will need the following components of the copy platf orm: ) The sales of Nocilla have drastically declined due to the excessive attention drawn towards the taste criteria, instead of illustrating it as an ideal breakfast spread. b) Our primary objective would be to include the nutrition and quick prepare ability of a Nocilla breakfast along with the taste criteria. c) Unlike before Nocilla would be packaged in different sizes of glass jars and its coloring will differ with the contents of jar. There will be 4 varieties of Nocilla to be marketed in Bangladesh. Its packaging will also contain the nutrition chart which will be easily readable by the consumers. ) The profile of the target audience will be verified from our studies of the audience analysis and their behaviors. e) After a careful study of the Bangladesh Market we have come to see that there is quite a few numbers of competitors of Nocilla in the market. One of the prime competitors of Nocilla was found to be ‘Nutkao’. Originated from Italy, this product has off ered to competitors’ different shapes and sizes of the product according to the family needs. The vvariety of the jars and the illustrations visualized emphasizes on it being a family food to be eaten during any time of the day.Another competitor ‘Cokokrem’ comes from Turkey. This product doesn’t have any vvariety in the market but did illustrate a great taste appeal of cocoa which is rare compared to the others. ‘Alpella Krem’,’Nutella’ ; ‘New Cream’ are also some of the competitors. The mother companies of these products are yet to be recognized. But the nutrition factors of these products do pose a threat to Nocilla. While we have seen Nocilla being priced at only Tk 120/70 based on available sizes, all the other competitors are priced above Tk 200.This suggests that Nocilla have done a good job in keeping the price at a check compared to its competitors. f) The key consumer benefits of Nocilla are- Its tasty, ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s nutritious, and it’s quick to prepare. g) Support for the consumer benefits: The organization is providing us 4 varieties of the Nocilla products which support our notion of it being tasty. Again we are providing a nutrition chart to support claim of Nocilla being nutritious. The traditional packaging of Nocilla with a plastic cap makes it very easy to use thus further supporting our claim. ) Our recommendation for the organization for the selling strategy will be to use a combination of pull and push strategies. They can provide the retailers with trade promotions to push demand of the product while our advertisement will hopefully create a demand among the retailer to store Nocilla on their shelves. i) As for selling style we will go for the soft selling style that mearns we will create an impression in consumer’s mind which will lead them in taking the decision of purchasing Nocilla.Through our ad campaign we will include various kinds of appeals which are- quality appeal, star appeal and definitely sensory appeal. Media Strategy Determining Geographic Scope: As we are reestablishing Nocilla and don’t want to waste our advertisers resources by transmitting our advertisements in areas where the products had limited or no demand. So we are concentrating our advertising efforts in cities like: Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet. After a few months of operations, we will use BDI and CDI to evaluate our performance.Scheduling the message: As an advertising agency, we plan to determine the timing of our message when the people in the target audience are very much receptive to the medium we are intending to use. We have decided on the continuity of our message by adopting â€Å"pulsing†. As our target audience are more receptive towards our ads during the â€Å"early fringe† i. e. ; 4-7 p. m. and during â€Å"prime time† i. e. ; 8-11 p. m. The size, length and position of our ads will be determined as per the advertisi ng objectives: creative strategy, budget, and reach ; frequency requirement.In case of TV, we picked Channel i and NTV for running our TV commercials. For NTV, we have selected a total of 22 spots for running our ads with duration of 30 seconds. In Channel i, 6 spots have been selected for running the same 30 seconds advertisement. For print media, we have decided to put on a total of 75 insertions, with a combination of full size, 40col-inch, 24col-inch ; 18col-inch ads. Selecting the media: After analyzing the media audiences, media environments and the competitor’s media usages, we have decided that our â€Å"Media Mix† will consist of print media ; electronic media (television).We will also be doing other out-of-home advertisements. Calculating the cost efficiency: The ‘media mix’ will be selected by calculating the Cost per Thousand (CPM) of that particular media according to the data available from the company. Print Strategy We plan to utilize the p rint media by advertising our product in the newspapers only. Magazines are not appropriate according to us for our food product. Thus by advertising in the daily newspapers in our limited budget would be the most cost effective strategy to reestablish Nocilla.We are basically advertising in ‘The Daily Star’ and ‘The Daily Prothom-Alo’. After initial advertisements in these two popular print media we will move on to other newspapers after analyzing the effectiveness of the advertisements. The detailed planned budgeting strategy for utilization is provided in the Appendix section. Headlines, Body copy and Slogan Headlines: We will introduce various types of Headlines to attract our consumers at separate time periods. First, we will use ‘news headlines’ which will describe the new arrival of Nocilla.Again to represent the product quality we will use ‘benefit headlines’. These headlines will be presented to our audience time to time. One example of our headlines is- â€Å"The new taste of breakfast†. Body Copy: A very important characteristic of the advertisements is they all will consist ‘picture and caption copy’. The main purpose of doing this is to visually attract our target segments. Sometimes there will be pictures of Nocilla jars providing product information. And some other times images of kids will be introduced accompanied with concrete messages.Slogan: As we are reestablishing Nocilla, we will introduce a new slogan- â€Å"Wake Up, Boost Up and Break Out†. This new slogan is necessary to create a new brand image. This slogan has been developed in such a way so that it is stylish enough to attract kids and teenagers; and it is encouraging enough for the parent's and grown-ups. Television Advertising As for television advertising we will go only for cable channels- Channel I, NTV. This is mainly because our target market is not the mass market. Infact, we are targeting only t he city centered consumers.So, they can be easily reached using the cable channels. Our advertising type will be both participation and spot announcement. This campaign will involve buying ad spots for some particular programs and also purchasing segments of commercial times from the TV. Our planning for Television advertising will include measuring the TV audience using ‘program rating’; selecting time periods that is early fringe and prime time; understanding TV ad rates using the formula of CPP; placing TV ads based on availability and using special TV services that is provided time to time by the TV channels.

What Makes The Bible Into Theology - 849 Words

Introduction Canonization is the promotion and acceptance of a text as sacred and binding. (Detweiler, 1985). The particular qualities of biblical literature which become canon are what makes the Bible into theology (Stordalen, 2007). The word â€Å"canon† is an ancient Semitic word that, in ancient times, had come to be thought of as a standard or rule for faith and life. The books of the Old and New Testaments have long been considered canon, or â€Å"divine writings† (â€Å"Lecture 2,† 2015). Canonization of the Bible was a varied process that occurred over a very long span of time and involved many different scholars, but it resulted in an enduring book to be studied not only as literature, but also as God’s word (â€Å"Lecture 2,† 2015). Though the Bible has endured for hundreds of years, there are were and are disagreements about what canon is and research is ongoing. Old Testament Beginning with the Old Testament (â€Å"OT†), it is evident that there is no one answer to what is considered canon, as Protestants, Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians have never agreed on the extent of the OT. Protestants have accepted the current 39 books of the OT as canon since the Reformation, but our ability to actually know the reasons the Jews accepted the 39 books of Hebrew Scripture as they are currently arranged is lost in antiquity (Klein, Blomberg, Hubbard, 2004). Biblically, the basic tenet for canon is that it be inspired, â€Å"God-breathed† (2 Tim. 3:16). In What is a Sacred Text,Show MoreRelatedThe Need For Greater Understanding Of Theology855 Words   |  4 PagesGrenz and Olson, passionate about the need for greater understanding of theology, have taken on a difficult task in attempting to address the concerns of those who might question the need for theology and lead them into conscientious practice of theology themselves. 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The Taming Of The Shrew By George Bernard Shaw - 849 Words

Change is a concept familiar to all, yet its exact implications remain a mystery. Change is relative to perception of reality, so no two people can be changed in the same way. In â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†, by William Shakespeare, â€Å"Pygmalion† by George Bernard Shaw, and â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, the protagonists force change upon their respective subjects in order to benefit in some fashion. They soon discover that forcing change on another person can be a reality, but it does not happen without consequence. Victor Frankenstein strives toward creation of life, but instead is met with suffering and death. At the creation, Victor states, â€Å"He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His†¦show more content†¦What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What s to become of me?†() Like Frankenstein’s monster, Eliza begins to question herself and how the change she is undergoing affects her life. She uses this as justification to run away from Higgins and start her new life. Eliza then laments to Colonel Pickering, â€Å"I shall always be a flower girl to Professor Higgins, because he always treats me as a flower girl, and always will; but I know I can be a lady to you, because you always treat me as a lady, and always will.†() The lack of fatherly affection shown by Higgins in this case leads Eliza to turn against him after realizing he was not any more gentlemanly than any other man. Hig gins did not achieve what he desired in his control of Eliza, to have her be obedient. The Taming of the Shrew holds many variations of change amongst its characters. One of the Lords in the opening scene remarked, â€Å"I long to hear him call the drunkard husband, And how my men will stay themselves from laughter, When they do homage to this simple peasant.† (Shakespeare ?) There is no benefit to either party for the facade of royalty being placed upon the poor man and it only serves as amusement for the lords. Right from the beginning, transformations are being made in other characters to foreshadow Kate’s eventual change. She remarks, â€Å"Young budding virgin, fair and fresh and sweet,Whither away, or where is thy abode?Show MoreRelatedSexism in The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare Essay example1104 Words   |  5 PagesSexism in The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare The Taming Of The Shrew by William Shakespeare is an introduction in the everpresent battle of women to be loving and caring wives, while at the same time holding on to our independence. Its plot is derived from the popular war of the sexes theme in which males and females are pitted against one another for dominance in marriage. The play begins with an induction in which a drunkard, Christopher Sly, is fooled into believing he is a kingRead MoreHow Shakespeare Impacted The British History?1851 Words   |  8 Pagesto his own outstanding work due to the fact that his parents were illiterate. Shakespeare’s first plays were based on the categories of comedy and tragedy such as â€Å"Titus Andronicus , The Two Gentlemen of Verona , The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, and â€Å"Henry VI† . (William Shakespeare, n.d.). He began interacting with different theater companies when his plays started becoming a hit on the stage. By, 1594 he prepared to write and acting for a troupe called Lord Chamberlain’s Men, inRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Authenticity3166 Words   |  13 PagesMassinger and John Ford have openly borrowed from his works. Restoration dramatists such as Thomas Otway, John Dryden and William Congrave show signs of his influence as well as modern playwrights John Osborne, Harold Pinter, Samuel Beckett and George Bernard Shaw. Shaw rewrote the last act of Cymbeline, Tom Stoppard developed new characters for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead and Edward Bond created his own version of King Lear. Shakespeare has also been welcomed all over the world

Leadership Characteristics Of A Successful Leader

Introduction In this paper we will discuss the different types of leadership characteristics it takes to become a successful leader. Also we will touch base on my personal advantages that I have in leadership and the areas where I need to work on further improving in the area of leadership. Additionally this paper will shed light upon the real world work place scenarios where leadership strengths can be applied. Finally we will discuss the benefits of understanding individual styles of leadership. In the dictionary leadership is defined as analytical management ability and it is that talent to influence a group of individuals toward a mutual goal. These abilities will aid a leader in developing his skills as a leader. Leaders play an enormous part whether the duty that they are taking on is immense or unimportant. Leaders face extraordinary challenges as they attempt to communicate and interact with their workforces and prospective associates to comprehend and understand what they think and what they perform. Leaders should also recognize that creativeness and innovation are the life of their company. The undertaking of each leader must be to examine constantly for concepts and programs that are healthier for the business that they are presently committed to. When you think about a leader you think of someone who possesses a number of qualities. 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Individual Reflective Essay for Gibbs Model - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIndividual Reflective Essayfor Gibbs Model. Answer: In this essay paper, I would give a reflection on the issue that emerged during the period of my clinical practice to build and apply the interpersonal skills that I possess so as to develop and maintain my therapeutic relationships with the patient am offering the nursing care services. In this individual reflection, I would reflect on the issue using the Gibbs (1998) reflective cycle and critically analyze the issue applying the Gibbs Model. Moreover, I shall come up with recommendations for addressing the problem in case it emerges again in the due future and state the appropriate ways of implementing the plan of action(Husebo, O'Regan, Nestel, 2015). The Gibbs model comprises of six steps to make up the cycle which is clear and precise with high capability of improving on my health profession and clinical practice for the better learning from the daily encounters while on attachment. The Gibbs cycle begins with a brief description of the issue at stake and proceeds to the critic al analysis of the personal feelings. Further, it aids in the evaluation of the encountered experience and offers the basis for critical analysis of the experience to make sense out of it. Lastly, the model involves drawing a conclusion on what I did, and the recommendations I would make for dealing with the same issue in case it arose again. According to Baird and Winter (2005, p. 156), the Gibbs Model of reflection becomes significant in the clinical practice since it enables the nursing students to acquire the necessary practice knowledge, adapts to different environments of placement, build on the self-esteem and satisfaction as they value and develop on their nursing professionalism. On the contrary, Sivitier in his publication of 2005, argues that the reflection gets focused on assisting us students to gain the self-confidence, establish when we should improve and aid us in learning out of our mistakes and the behavior(Kumar, 2016). Furthermore, Sivitier stated that the reflection would make nursing students value their patients perspectives, have self-awareness and acquire the vital experience in handling the future. At my disposal, am supposed to develop and maintain better therapeutic relationships with my patient which involves the patient-nurse relationship. In the patient-nurse relationship, therapeutic bondage gets established out of the sense of trust and the mutual understanding which exists between the patient and the nurse on duty. The good contact relationship between the nurse and patient helps to develop trustworthily and boosts the self-esteem of the patient resulting in the contemporary personal growth(Johns, 2017). Also, the therapeutic communication becomes essential in the improvement of the patients abilities in conducting the physical activities. It gets necessary for the nurse on duty to show total care, sincere, empathy, and trust to the patient to build a healthy therapeutic relationship. The nurses attitudes would only get expressed to the patient through the effective communication means and excellent interpersonal skills. Communication will include both the verbal which comprise of speech and the non-verbal communication that involves the use of sign language, change of postures, the body movement and facial expressions, change of intonation and the volume level(Weller, Boyd, Cumin, 2014). Thus, in this essay, I would give a discussion on the nurse-patient relationship applying the interpersonal skills. The reflection would revolve around the patient whom I shall not mention her real name so as to protect the confidentiality of her information as per the Nursing and Midwifery Council requirement. I shall call my patient as Mrs. Y. During my clinical placement, I was assigned to serve on the female ward to offer the necessary mental health care services in my third semester. At the health facility where I got clinical placement, there existed two psychiatric wards which were partitioned and separated to serve the male and females who had mental problems(Arnold Boggs, 2015). The two precincts shared a small cafeteria within the wards premises. Usually, the wards got always locked from a single and the main entrance. As a matter of interaction between patients, the female patients were advised and got encouragement to move out of their rooms mix freely with male patients at the cafeteria section during the meal time hours. At lunchtime, I spotted one of the female patients seated still on her ward bed. She was known as Mrs. Y, aged 78 years old, early on got diagnosed with the schizophrenia condition. She failed to control the tremor as a result of the side effect of the anti-psychotic medication for the Parkinson Disease(Riley, 2015). Due to the muscle problem, Mrs. Y could not walk so I had to take lunch meal to her and consume while on the bed. Unfortunately, she failed to manage to feed herself. As a student nurse, I assessed her diet and got some meal for her. I took up the role of feeding her until she cleared all the food. I approached my client and introduced myself before offering her meal. I tried as much as possible to develop a healthy therapeutic relationship with her since I did not want her to perceive me as a stranger given that I did not belong to either her family or relative. At first, I approached her politely asked her why she wanted to take lunch or not. My patient gets prescribed for just soft diet as she had some difficulties in the swallowing or simply the dysphagia condition(Crystal Crystal, 2016). I proceeded and sought permission from her so that I can feed her. At that very first moment, she just looked at me and kept quiet. In such a situation, I had to show up efficient and empathic listening skills as I fitted myself on her shoes assuming that I had a problem with hearing. Following Wold (2004, p73), empathic listening got viewed as that willingness to have a better understanding of another person without judging the person based on facts. I gently touched the patients shoulde r, continued talking and raising my tone a little bit since I had some fears that she had difficulty in hearing. I made some gestures at the same time I was speaking to her, the gestures would get interpreted as the eating action. I had to pause, pardoned my actions using simpler and local dialect words for my client. Fortunately, she looked instantly at me and shook her head in acceptance. The body gestures which I used assisted me a lot in the conversation. Meanwhile, I had some worries on whether she understood the first language, did not know her real mother tongue since did not talk at all. I tirelessly continued using the body gestures and the facial expressions. Personally, I thought that I should speak a bit louder and learn more about her language such that she would easily understand and make a good interpretation of the gestures I made. In the process of engaging my client, I felt that language barrier hindered effective verbal communication(Little, et al., 2015). But, luckily the patient seemed to understand the sign language and knew that I would feed her. At the time of feeding, I maintained eye contact so that my client would not shy off while eating. The eye contact would make my patient feel that am so much willing and interested in assisting her to take her lunch meal. I made her feel comfortable and enjoy the meal until was all finished. Based on the Gibbs evaluation, I felt that I made an informed decision of taking up the duty of feeding my patient. Also, I developed the therapeutic relationship between my patient and I. though the communication would be termed as task-centred since only a single element hindered the effective communication amongst the nurses, in my case I felt that nurse-patient relationship developed with communication which included both the effective patient-centred sharing and the task-centred communication(Lavelle, Dimic, Wildgrube, McCabe, Priebe, 2015). Personally, I had attended Mrs. Y as my patient with empathy since she would not manage feed herself and it turned upon me as my duty to feed her for her to receive better nursing care while in the ward. In this clinical practice, I had not been tied to only a single type of communication as task-centred but had an opportunity for building the therapeutic relationship based on the patient-centred process offering the genuineness, the warmth and the appropriate empathy towards my client. I managed to improve my personal skills for non-verbal communication throughout my conversations while feeding the patient. The non-verbal communication played a greater part in communicating with my patient since she had a hearing problem and would not understand the first language(Stevenson, 2014). Based on this case scenario, the non-verbal communication becomes significant in handling and caring for the elderly patients with hearing problems. Such communication gets utilized in the capturing of the attention of the patients with hearing impairment before they get to speak to me or any other nurse. Through, the non-verbal communication, my patient got to see me physically and drove out any fears she head, and I had an opportunity to learn and develop on the non-verbal communication skills. In accordance to Wold (2004, p.76) the use of gestures enabled me to deal with the language barrier that existed between my patient and me, body gestures forms one of the types of the non-verbal communication with a way of expressing ideas and gets significant for patients who would not speak any word. During the fee ding of my patient, I made use of the facial expressions to encourage her to finish the meal(Sarvestani, et al., 2016). The meal might have seemed not delicious to her since she would always withdraw after a short duration but I encouraged her to finish. I gave a smile on her and gave her assurance that the meal would improve her health and give her energy. Besides, the facial expressions were effective means of non-verbal communication as they got not curtailed to any particular culture or age bracket. In analyzing the issue, I had to make an evaluation that my non-verbal communication skills were significant to provide better and quality nursing care for my patient. Non-Verbal communication enabled I to break the language between by patient and I, given that she would not speak the official language and I knew a few words of her second language(Kumar, 2016). It seemed quite hard to have interpersonal communication based on the verbal communication since I would not speak her second language fluently. Though in some publications, such as that of White (2005, p.112), a nursing student is advised to learn some words or common phrases in the second language that would make the patient at ease of understanding better the care offered. Similarly, in this individual reflection, I learned how interpersonal communication played a vital role while I handled my patient in the process of delivering safe and quality care. My patient took some time in adapting to the situation of I feeding her. I concentrated much in my inner feelings and thoughts while feeding her, such that I would get the best way of improving on my non-verbal communication skills and render it useful(Ebrahim, Robinson, Crooks, Harenwall, Forsyth, 2016). Luckily, I managed to communicate with her easily, and she enjoyed the meal up to the last bite. I realized that it was important to create a strong rapport so that I would encourage her to learn on the use of both verbal and non-verbal communication. Furthermore, the ability of effective communication would enable her to share easily with the other nurses. My action plan for any future clinical placement involving the similar issue of feeding a patient would require me to prepare adequately to properly care such a patient with hearing impairment or unable to use the official language(Persson, Kvist, Ekelin, 2015). Since the key priority of healthcare is to offer the safe and quality nursing care for her client, therefore, I would take my time in understanding my patient well and strategize on how to render the best care to him/her. From experience, I came to realize that effective communication whether verbal or non-verbal would enable a health care provider to understand the patient and know about the health status in the process of nursing the client. Besides, good listening skills and maintaining eye contact plays a significant role in making the patient feel that her problems get taken into much consideration, and there is the feeling of empathy(Howatson-Jones, 2016). This would cause the patient feel free and fight any fears she might be having and openly narrate to you what she wants or how she feels. In conclusion, I would proudly mention that the Gibbs Reflective Cycle forms the better part of my reflective framework. Through the model, I managed to develop and build on the therapeutic relationships with my patient using the interpersonal skills. The reflective cycle offers critical stages which enable a health care provider to understand and apply each step in the nursing care for the patients. The Gibbs model allows us as the health practitioners to briefly and precisely describe a health issue, undertake an analysis and effectively evaluate the previous experience. References Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Crystal, B. S. N., Crystal, E. (2016). Improving Nurse-Patient Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication Skills: ICU Patients with Neurological Communication Impairments. Ebrahim, S., Robinson, S., Crooks, S., Harenwall, S., Forsyth, A. (2016). Evaluation of awareness level knowledge and understanding framework personality disorder training with mental health staff: impact on attitudes and clinical practice.The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice,11(3), 133-143. Ekelin, M., Kvist, L. J., Persson, E. K. (2016). Midwifery competence: Content in midwifery students? daily written reflections on clinical practice.Midwifery,32, 7-13. Howatson-Jones, L. (2016).Reflective practice in nursing. Learning Matters. Huseb, S. E., O'Regan, S., Nestel, D. (2015). Reflective practice and its role in simulation.Clinical Simulation in Nursing,11(8), 368-375. Johns, C. (2017).Becoming a reflective practitioner. John Wiley Sons. Kumar, K. (2016). Reflection and its uses in Problem Solving and Personal Development. Kumar, K. (2016). Reflection and its uses in Problem Solving and Personal Development. Lavelle, M., Dimic, S., Wildgrube, C., McCabe, R., Priebe, S. (2015). Non?verbal communication in meetings of psychiatrists and patients with schizophrenia.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,131(3), 197-205. Little, P., White, P., Kelly, J., Everitt, H., Gashi, S., Bikker, A., Mercer, S. (2015). Verbal and non-verbal behaviour and patient perception of communication in primary care: an observational study.Br J Gen Pract,65(635), e357-e365. Persson, E. K., Kvist, L. J., Ekelin, M. (2015). Analysis of midwifery students' written reflections to evaluate progression in learning during clinical practice at birthing units.Nurse education in practice,15(2), 134-140. Riley, J. B. (2015).Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Sarvestani, R. S., Moattari, M., Nasrabadi, A. N., Momennasab, M., Yektatalab, S., Jafari, A. (2016). Empowering nurses through action research for developing a new nursing handover program in a pediatric ward in Iran.Action Research, 1476750316636667. Stevenson, F. (2014). Achieving visibility? Use of non?verbal communication in interactions between patients and pharmacists who do not share a common language.Sociology of health illness,36(5), 756-771. Weller, J., Boyd, M., Cumin, D. (2014). Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare.Postgraduate medical journal,90(1061), 149-154.